This paper deals with the international bank’s adjustment process to the external debt of the less developed countries. It starts with an overview of the American banks’ financial situation during the eighties. It concludes that, after Brazil’s default in 1987, banks are willing to strengthen their capital structure, but they still have risks to face.
KEYWORDS:
Credit risk; foreign debt; debt crisis
| 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| América Latina | 27,3 | 30,5 | 12, 1 | 7,8 | 5,7 | 1,3 | -0,5 |
| Total de países não da OPEP | 39,0 | 39,9 | 19,8 | 12,2 | 10,4 | 8,5 | -1,8 |
| Bancos | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1o trim./87 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citicorp | 32,0 | 30,0 | 30,1 | 40,7 | 45,9 | 23,8 |
| Bank of America | 26,0 | 28,0 | 26,0 | 40,7 | 48,2 | 33,3 |
| Chase | 36,5 | 29,1 | 33,7 | 42,5 | 52,8 | 24,3 |
| M. Hanover | 40,8 | 44,0 | 33,7 | 48,9 | 44,6 | 26,5 |
| Chemical | 39,8 | 39,3 | 36,4 | 44,9 | 46,4 | 27,2 |
| JP Morgan | 66,8 | 75,9 | 61,5 | 103,8 | 143,8 | 50,6 |
| Bancos | Reservas no 1º trim. US$milhões | Reservas em 30/jun. US$milhões | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | (B) | (B-A) | |
| Citicorp | 1.808,0 | 4.780,0 | 2.972,0 |
| Bank of America | 2.169,0 | 3.140,0 | 971,0 |
| Chase | 1.124,0 | 2.700,0 | 1.576,0 |
| M. Hanover | 1.017,0 | 2.610,0 | 1.593,0 |
| Chemical | 672,6 | 2.030,0 | 1.357,4 |
| JP Morgan | 953,0 | 1.760,0 | 807,0 |
| Bancos | Perdas no 2º trim. US$milhões | Perdas no 1º sem. US$milhões |
|---|---|---|
| Citicorp | 2.585,0 | 2.321,0 |
| Bank of America | 1.136,0 | 1.100,0 |
| Chase | 1.378,4 | 1.274,3 |
| M. Hanover | 1.373,0 | 1.292,0 |
| Chemical | 1.103,0 | 1.016,8 |
| JP Morgan | 586,4 | 360,0 |
| Bancos | Reservas | Lucro líquido |
|---|---|---|
| Citicorp | 4.410,0 | -1.138,0 |
| Bank of America | 1.951,0 | -955,0 |
| Chase | 2.150,0 | -894,8 |
| M. Hanover | 2.236,7 | -1.140,2 |
| Chemical | 1.492,0 | -853,7 |
| JP Morgan | 960,0 | 83,3 |
| Bancos | 2o trim./88 | 1o sem/88 | 4o trim./88 | No ano |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citicorp | 359,0 | 717,0 | 587,0 | 1.858,0 |
| Bank of Amarica | 120,0 | 209,0 | 193,0 | 726,0 |
| Chase | 224,1 | 501,0 | 275,1 | 1.058,9 |
| M. Hanover | 248,6 | 360,7 | 210,0 | 952,0 |
| Chamical | 127,7 | 253,2 | 288,5 | 753,6 |
| JP Morgan | 228,7 | 510, 1 | 258,1 | 1.001,8 |
| Bancos | USSmilhões |
|---|---|
| Citicorp | 498 |
| Bank of America | -665 |
| Chase | 1.103 |
| M. Hanover | -1.275 |
| Chemical | -482 |
| JP Morgan | -518 |
| Bancos | 1o trim./87 | 1989 |
|---|---|---|
| Citicorp | 24 | 37 |
| Bank of America | 33 | 54 |
| Chase | 24 | 52 |
| M. Hanover | 27 | 40 |
| Chemical | 27 | 41 |
| JP Morgan | 51 | 100 |
| 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5,4 | 5,4 | 5,6 | 5,9 | 6,5 | 6,9 | 7,2 | 7,9 | 8,1 |
| Bancos | Total ativos imobiliários (empréstimos e hipotecas) US$ bilhões | "Non-performing" % |
|---|---|---|
| Citicorp | 16,6 | 11 |
| Chase | 9,8 | 13 |
| Chemical | 7,6 | 17 |
| Bankers Trust | 3,7 | 4 |
| M. Hanover | 2,7 | 11 |
