Temporal trend and epidemiological profile of accidents involving venomous animals in Brazil, 2007-2019

Souza, Tiago Cruz de; Farias, Beatrice Emeli Silva; Bernarde, Paulo Sérgio; Chiaravalotti Neto, Francisco; Frade, Djair Durand Ramalho; Brilhante, Andreia Fernandes; Melchior, Leonardo Augusto Kohara

Tiago Cruz de Souza

data acquisition and analysis

drafting the preliminary version of the manuscript

approved the final version

Universidade Federal do Acre, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde na Amazônia Ocidental, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7067-7912

Beatrice Emeli Silva Farias

data acquisition and analysis

drafting the preliminary version of the manuscript

approved the final version

Universidade Federal do Acre, Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-9122

Paulo Sérgio Bernarde

study concept and design

data interpretation

critically reviewing the manuscript

approved the final version

Universidade Federal do Acre, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Cruzeiro do Sul, AC, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2191-7817

Francisco Chiaravalotti Neto

study concept and design

data interpretation

critically reviewing the manuscript

approved the final version

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2686-8740

Djair Durand Ramalho Frade

study concept and design

data interpretation

critically reviewing the manuscript

approved the final version

Universidade Federal do Acre, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4883-8596

Andreia Fernandes Brilhante

study concept and design

data interpretation

critically reviewing the manuscript

approved the final version

Universidade Federal do Acre, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde na Amazônia Ocidental, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4436-432X

Leonardo Augusto Kohara Melchior

study concept and design

data interpretation

critically reviewing the manuscript

approved the final version

Universidade Federal do Acre, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde na Amazônia Ocidental, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2847-0242

Correspondence
Leonardo Augusto Kohara Melchior leonardo.melchior@ufac.br

Associate editor

Maryane Oliveira Campos

Author contributions

Souza TC and Farias BES contributed to data acquisition and analysis and drafting the preliminary version of the manuscript. Bernarde PS, Chiaravalloti Neto F, Frade DDR, Brilhante AF and Melchior LAK contributed to the study concept and design, data interpretation and critically reviewing the manuscript. All the authors have approved the final version and are responsible for all aspects thereof, including the guarantee of its accuracy and integrity.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest.

Type of accident	Macro-regions and Brazil	n	%	Mean	Deaths	Case fatality ratio (%)	Incidence^a
Scorpion sting	Midwest	53,153	2.5	4,089	69	0.12	26.5
	Northeast	496,039	23.6	38,157	492	0.09	68.6
	North	44,414	2.1	3,416	76	0.17	19.9
	Southeast	457,710	21.8	35,208	433	0.09	41.2
	South	26,247	1.2	2,019	7	0.02	6.9
	Brazil	1,077,563	51.2	82,889	1.077	0.09	32.6
Snakebite	Midwest	37,157	1.8	2,858	163	0.43	19.0
	Northeast	93,927	4.5	7,225	507	0.53	13.1
	North	117,128	5.6	9,010	495	0.42	53.1
	Southeast	84,115	4.0	6,470	232	0.27	7.6
	South	32,637	1.6	2,511	76	0.23	8.8
	Brazil	364,964	17.4	28,074	1.473	0.40	20.3
Spider bite	Midwest	8,142	0.4	626	18	0.22	4.0
	Northeast	17,812	0.8	1,370	50	0.28	2.4
	North	10,171	0.5	783	19	0.18	4.5
	Southeast	99,012	4.7	7,616	48	0.04	8.9
	South	228,325	10.9	17,564	48	0.02	61.3
	Brazil	363,462	17.3	27,959	183	0.05	16.3
Bee sting	Midwest	6,926	0.3	533	29	0.41	3.4
	Northeast	46,222	2.2	3,556	135	0.29	6.3
	North	7,230	0.3	556	26	0.35	3.1
	Southeast	59,969	2.9	4,613	150	0.25	5.4
	South	34,599	1.6	2,661	110	0.31	9.2
	Brazil	154,946	7.4	11,919	450	0.29	5.5
Other	Midwest	6,182	0.3	476	9	0.14	3.1
	Northeast	23,404	1.1	1,800	19	0.08	3.2
	North	14,903	0.7	1,146	11	0.07	6.6
	Southeast	29,095	1.4	2,238	19	0.06	2.6
	South	13,647	0.6	1,050	6	0.04	3.6
	Brazil	87,231	4.1	6,710	64	0.07	3.8
Caterpillar sting	Midwest	2,000	0.1	154	1	0.05	1.0
	Northeast	4,998	0.2	385	7	0.14	0.6
	North	2,886	0.1	222	-	0.00	1.2
	Southeast	20,996	1.0	1,615	7	0.03	1.9
	South	23,611	1.1	1,816	14	0.05	6.3
	Brazil	54,491	2.6	4,192	29	0.05	2.2

Type of accident	Macro-region	APC^a (%)	95%CI^b		Trend
Type of accident	Macro-region	APC^a (%)	Lower limit	Upper limit	Trend
Scorpion sting	Midwest	6.6	0.06	0.08	Rising
	Northeast	4.4	0.04	0.05	Rising
	North	2.6	0.18	0.34	Rising
	Southeast	5.4	0.05	0.06	Rising
	South	5.3	0.04	0.06	Rising
Snakebite	Midwest	-0.3	-0.01	0.01	Stationary
	Northeast	0.2	-0.01	0.02	Stationary
	North	0.0	-0.00	0.00	Stationary
	Southeast	-0.5	-0.01	0.00	Stationary
	South	-1.2	-0.02	-0.01	Falling
Spider bite	Midwest	4.4	0.03	0.06	Rising
	Northeast	5.0	0.04	0.06	Rising
	North	3.0	0.02	0.04	Rising
	Southeast	3.0	0.02	0.04	Rising
	South	0.4	0.00	0.01	Rising
Caterpillar sting	Midwest	5.9	0.03	0.09	Rising
	Northeast	5.5	0.04	0.07	Rising
	North	3.1	-0.00	0.06	Stationary
	Southeast	2.0	-0.00	0.04	Stationary
	South	-0.6	-0.03	0.02	Stationary
Bee sting	Midwest	4.6	0.03	0.06	Rising
	Northeast	7.2	0.06	0.09	Rising
	North	6.2	0.05	0.07	Rising
	Southeast	3.8	0.03	0.04	Rising
	South	2.7	0.02	0.03	Rising
Others	Midwest	4.2	0.03	0.05	Rising
	Northeast	5.5	0.04	0.07	Rising
	North	5.1	0.04	0.06	Rising
	Southeast	4.2	0.03	0.06	Rising
	South	2.0	0.01	0.03	Rising

Type of accident	Macro-regions and Brazil	Incidence (cases/100,000 inhab.)			95%CI^b
Type of accident	Macro-regions and Brazil	Male	Female	RR^a	Minimum	Maximum
Scorpion sting	Midwest	28.5	26.1	1.09	1.07	1.10
	Northeast	61.3	76.8	0.80	0.79	0.80
	North	25.1	15.1	1.67	1.63	1.70
	Southeast	46.9	37.0	1.27	1.26	1.27
	South	7.7	6.4	1.21	1.18	1.23
	Brazil	41.9	41.0	1.02	1.02	1.03
Snakebite	Midwest	29.4	8.9	3.30	3.22	3.38
	Northeast	20.2	6.3	3.19	3.15	3.24
	North	83.4	22.4	3.72	3.67	3.77
	Southeast	12.0	3.5	3.41	3.35	3.46
	South	13.5	4.2	3.22	3.14	3.31
	Brazil	22.1	6.4	3.47	3.44	3.50
Spider bite	Midwest	4.7	3.6	1.30	1.24	1.36
	Northeast	2.6	2.4	1.06	1.03	1.09
	North	5.6	3.6	1.55	1.49	1.61
	Southeast	11.1	7.1	1.55	1.53	1.57
	South	60.8	62.0	0.98	0.97	0.99
	Brazil	14.9	13.1	1.14	1.13	1.15
Bee sting	Midwest	4.7	2.4	1.94	1.84	2.04
	Northeast	8.5	4.5	1.88	1.85	1.92
	North	4.2	2.3	1.81	1.73	1.90
	Southeast	7.2	3.8	1.90	1.87	1.94
	South	11.8	6.9	1.69	1.66	1.73
	Brazil	7.8	4.2	1.84	1.82	1.86
Caterpillar sting	Midwest	1.0	1.0	1.01	0.92	1.10
	Northeast	0.8	0.6	1.25	1.18	1.32
	North	1.4	1.2	1.12	1.04	1.21
	Southeast	2.2	1.6	1.38	1.34	1.42
	South	7.2	5.5	1.31	1.28	1.34
	Brazil	2.4	1.8	1.31	1.29	1.33
Others	Midwest	3.4	2.9	1.16	1.10	1.22
	Northeast	3.7	2.9	1.27	1.23	1.30
	North	9.2	4.3	2.15	2.08	2.22
	Southeast	3.1	2.2	1.39	1.35	1.42
	South	3.9	3.4	1.15	1.11	1.18
	Brazil	3.9	2.8	1.40	1.38	1.42

[1] Correspondence
Leonardo Augusto Kohara Melchior leonardo.melchior@ufac.br

Brasil

Brasil

Temporal trend and epidemiological profile of accidents involving venomous animals in Brazil, 2007-2019

Abstract

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion: