Patrones dietéticos de niños que viven en barrios marginales y factores asociados: un estudio transversal, 2019-2022

Veiga, Gabriela Rossiter Stux; Padilha, Bruna Merten; Barbosa, Lídia Bezerra; Brandão, Thaysa Barbosa Cavalcante; Florêncio, Telma Maria de Menezes Toledo; Lima, Marilia de Carvalho

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde 33 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S2237-96222024v33e20231275.en copiar

Patrones dietéticos de niños que viven en barrios marginales y factores asociados: un estudio transversal, 2019-2022

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo

Identificar hábitos alimentarios de niños socialmente vulnerables y analizar su relación con factores vinculados al perfil de consumo de Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil.

Métodos

Estudio transversal de base poblacional llevado a cabo de agosto de 2019 a diciembre de 2021; se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas y de consumo de alimentos, los patrones alimenticios se identificaron mediante análisis factorial; las asociaciones se analizaron mediante regresión de Poisson.

Resultados

De los 567 niños estudiados se identificaron dos hábitos de alimentación, “saludable” y “no saludable”; edad ≥ 24 meses (RP = 2,75; IC₉₅% 1,83;4,14), sexo masculino (RP = 0,66; IC₉₅% 0,49;0,87) y educación materna ≤ 9 años (RP = 0,61; IC₉₅% 0,46;0,81) se asociaron al patrón “saludable”; el patrón “no saludable” se asoció con la edad ≥ 24 meses (RP = 1,02; IC₉₅% 1,01;1,03) y el sexo masculino (RP = 1,46; IC₉₅% 1,08;1,98).

Conclusión

El patrón “saludable” fue más frecuente en niños ≥ 24 meses y menos frecuente en niños varones y madres con menor educación; los niños de ≥ 24 meses y los varones tuvieron una mayor prevalencia del patrón “no saludable”.

Palabras clave
Patrones Alimentarios; Consumo de Alimentos; Salud de los Niños; Vulnerabilidad Social; Estudios Transversales

Variables	N	%	95%CI^a
Family socioeconomic variables
Household income per capita ^b ( minimum wage)
≥ 0,25	182	32.1	28.3;36.1
< 0,25	385	67.9	63.9;71.7
Poverty level (Alvarez score points)
Higher low poverty (45 - 54)	159	28.0	24.4;31.9
Lower Poverty and Extreme Poverty (20 - 44)	408	72.0	68.1;75.6
Number of people in the household
≤ 4	54	9.5	7.2;12.2
> 4	513	90.5	87.7;92.8
Number of children in the household
1 - 2	447	78.8	75.2;82.1
> 2	120	21.2	17.9;24.8
Drinking water
Adequate	175	30.9	27.1;34.8
Inadequate	392	69.1	65.2;72.9
Sanitary sewage
Adequate	276	48,7	44,5;52,9
Inadequate	291	51,3	47,1;55,5
Waste management
Adequate	194	34,2	30,3;38,3
Inadequate	373	65,8	61,7;69,7
Food security
Mild security	219	38,6	34,6;42,8
Moderate/severe insecurity	348	61,4	57,2;65,4
Maternal variable
Age (years)
14-18	41	7,2	5,2; 9,7
19-29	313	55,2	51,0;59,3
≥ 30	213	37,6	33,6;41,7
Schooling (years)
≤ 9	342	60,3	56,1;64,3
> 9	225	39,7	35,6;43,8
Quality of life
Physical health
Adequate	245	43,2	39,1;47,4
Inadequate	322	56,8	52,3;60,9
Psychological aspects of behavior
Adequate	362	63,8	59,7;67,8
Inadequate	205	36,2	32,2;40,3
Social relationships
Adequate	204	36,0	32,0;40,1
Inadequate	363	64,0	59,9;68,0
Enviroment
Adequate	137	24,2	20,7;27,9
Inadequate	430	75,8	72,1;79,3
Sense of coherence
Strong	235	41,4	37,4;45,6
Weak	332	58,6	54,4;62,6
Maternal overweight
No	244	43,0	38,9;47,2
Yes	323	57,0	52,8;61,1
Abdominal obesity
No	200	36,3	32,3;40,5
Yes	351	63,7	59,5;67,7
Height (cm)
≤ 150	79	13,9	11,2;17,1
> 150	488	86,1	82,9;88,8
Prenatal care
No	29	5,1	3,5;7,3
Yes	538	94,9	92,7;96,5
Variables related to the child
Age (months)
< 24	243	42,9	38,7;47,0
≥ 24	324	57,1	53,0;61,3
Sex
Female	276	48,7	44,5;52,9
Male	291	51,3	47,1;55,5
Birth weight
Adequate	445	85,4	82,1;88,3
Low weight	44	8,4	6,2;11,2
High weight	32	6,2	4,2;8,6
Excess weight (child)
No	450	79,4	75,8;82,6
Yes	117	20,6	17,4;24,2
Breastfeeding history
Yes	213	37,6	33,6;41,7
No	354	62,4	58,3;66,4
Duration of breastfeeding (months)
≥ 6	336	59,3	55,1;63,3
< 6	231	40,7	36,7;44,9

Food	Dietary pattern
Food	“Unhealthy”	“Healthy”
Fresh fruit juice	-0.0409	0.3592
Coffee	0.2725	-0.0026
Fruits	-0.0028	0.3978
Leafy greens	-0.1087	0.3891
Vegetables	-0.1032	0.4333
Rice/noodles	0.0843	0.3000
Eggs	0.2840	0.1730
Beans	0.1519	0.2736
Meat	0.1099	0.3376
Processed meat	0.4093	-0.1125
Cookies/biscuit	0,3049	0.0987
Processed juice	0.4627	-0.0030
Soft drink	0.4126	-0.1268
Instant noodles	0.3453	0.0331
Variance	20.7	10.9

Variables	Unhealthy pattern						Healthy pattern
	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	PR ^a (95%CI ^b )	p-value	PR ^a (95%CI ^b )	p-value	PR ^a (95%CI ^b )	p-value	PR ^a (95%CI ^b )	p-value	PR ^a (95%CI ^b )	p-value	PR ^a (95%CI ^b )	p-value
Family socioeconomic variables
Household income per capita ^c (minimum wages)
≥ 0.25	1.00
< 0.25	1.26 (0.88;1.79)	0.202
Poverty level (Alvarez score points)
Higher low poverty (45 - 54)							1.00
Lower poverty and extreme poverty (20 - 44)							0.76 (0.56;1.01)	0.063
Presence of sanitary sewage
Adequate	1.00
Inappropriate	1.16 (0.83;1.61)	0.380
Food security
Mild security	1.00
Moderate/severe insecurity	1.20 (0.85;1.69)	0.305
Maternal variables
Age (years)
14 -18									0.56 (0.24;1.29)	0.174
19 - 29									1.00
≥ 30									1.27 (0.95;1.69)	0.104
Schooling (years)
> 9	1.00		1.00						1.00		1.00
≤ 9	1.39 (1.01;1.93)	0.047	1.28 (0.93;1.76)	0.124					0.62 (0.46;0.82)	0.001	0.61 (0.46;0.81)	< 0.001
Quality of life
Psychological aspects of behavior
Adequate			1.00						1.00
Inadequate			1.08 (0.79;1.45)	0.676					0.82 (0.59;1.13)	0.218
Sense of coherence
Strong			1.00						1.00
Weak			1.32 (0.96;1.82)	0.089					0.82 (0.65;1.16)	0.352
Overweight
No			1.00
Yes			1.35 (0.85;2.14)	0.205
Abdominal obesity
No			1.00
Yes			1.15 (0.70;1.87)	0.587
Child-related variables
Age (months)
< 24					1.00						1.00
≥ 24					1.02 (1.01;1.03)	< 0.001					2.75 (1.83;4.14)	< 0.001
Sex
Female					1.00						1.00
Male					1.46 (1.08;1.98)	0.015					0.66 (0.49;0.87)	0.004
Birth weight
Adequate					1.00						1.00
Low weight					1.17 (0.70;1.94)	0.553					1.34 (0.89;2.01)	0.158
High weigth					1.23 (0.69;2.19)	0.478					0.46 (0.18;1.21)	0.116
Breastfeeding history
Yes					1.00						1.00
No					1.19 (0.78;1.77)	0.402					1.03 (0.74;1.44)	0.852
Excess weight
No											1.00
Yes											0.70 (0.45;1.09)	0.112

Variables	Unhealthy pattern (consumption > P75)			Healthy pattern (consumption > P75)
Variables	N (%)	Crude PR ^a (95%CI ^b )	p-value	N (%)	Crude PR ^a (95%CI ^b )	p-value
Famíly socioeconomic variables
Household income per capita ^c ( minimum wage)
= 0,25	36 (19.8)	1.00		44 (52.2)	1.00
< 0,25	105 (27.3)	1.38 (0.99;1.93)	0.060	97 (25.2)	1.04 (0.76;1.42)	0.794
Poverty level (Alvarez score points)
Higher low poverty (45 - 54)	36 (22.6)	1.00		48 (30.2)	1.00
Lower poverty and extreme poverty (20 - 44)	105 (25.7)	1.14 (0.82;1.58)	0.449	93 (22.8)	0.76 (0.56;1.01)	0.063
Sanitary sewage
Adequate	59 (21.4)	1.00		73 (26.5)	1.00
Inadequate	82 (28.2)	1.32 (0.98;1.76)	0.063	68 (23.4)	0.8 (0.66;1.18)	0.397
Food security
Mild security	45 (20.5)	1.00		60 (27.4)	1.00
Moderate/severe insecurity	96 (27.6)	1.34 (0.98;1.83)	0.064	81 (23.3)	0.85(0.64;1.13)	0.267
Maternal variables
Age (years)
14 - 18	8 (19.5)	0.77 (0.40;1.48)	0.438	5 (12.2)	0.50 (0.21;1.17)	0.110
19 - 29	79 (25.2)	1.00		76 (24.3)	1.00
= 30	54 (25.4)	1.00 (0.74;1.36)	0.977	60 (28.2)	1.16 (0.87;1.55)	0.316
Schooling (years)
> 9	44 (19.6)	1.00		74 (32.9)	1.00
= 9	97 (28.4)	1.45 (1.06;1.99)	0.02	67 (19.6)	0.60 (0.45;0.79)	<0.001
Quality of life
Psychological aspects of behavior
Adequate	83 (22.9)	1.00		98 (27.1)	1.00
Inadequate	58 (28.3)	1.23 (0.92;165)	0.153	43 (21.0)	0.77(0.57;1.06)	0.113
Sense of coherence
Strong	48 (20.4)	1.00		66 (28.1)	1.00
Weak	93 (28.0)	1.37 (1.01;1.86)	0.043	75 (22.6)	0.80 (0.60;1.07)	0.135
Excess weight
No	49 (20.1)	1.00		60 (24.6)	1.00
Yes	92 (28.5)	1.42 (1.05;1.92)	0.024	81 (25.1)	1.02 (0.76;1.36)	0.894
Abdominal obesity
No	37 (18.5)	1.00		51 (25.5)	1.00
Yes	96 (27.3)	1.48 (1.05;2.07)	0.023	86 (24.5)	0.96(0.71;1.30)	0.794
Child-related variables
Age (months)
< 24	18 (7.4)	1.00		31 (12.8)	1.00
= 24	123 (38.0)	5.12 (3.21;8.17)	0.000	110 (33.9)	2.66 (1.85;3.82)	<0.001
Sex
Female	56 (20.3)	1.00		79 (28.6)	1.00
Male	85 (29.2)	1.44 (1.07;1.93)	0.015	62 (21.3)	0.74 (0.56;0.99)	0.045
Birth weight
Adequate	104 (23.4)	1.00		110 (24.7)	1.00
Low weight	12 (27.3)	1.17 (0.70;1.93)	0.554	17 (38.6)	1.56 (1.04;2.35)	0.031
High weight	11 (34.4)	1.47 (0.89;2.44)	0.137	4 (12.5)	0.51 (0.20;1.28)	0.152
Excess weight
No	117 (26)	1.00		121 (26.1)	1.00
Yes	24 (20.5)	0.79 (0.53;1.16)	0.233	20 (17.1)	0.64(0.41;0.97)	0.038
Breastfeeding history
Yes	38 (17.8)	1,00		42(19.7)	1.00
No	103 (29.1)	1.63 (1.17;2.27)	0.004	99 (28.0)	1.42 (1.03;1.95)	0.032

Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente - Ministério da Saúde do Brasil SRTVN Quadra 701, Via W5 Norte, Lote D, Edifício P0700, CEP: 70719-040, +55 (61) 3315-3464 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: revista.saude@saude.gov.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Correspondence: Gabriela Rossiter Stux Veiga | gabriela.veiga@fanut.ufal.br