Prevalence of self-reported depression in Brazil: National Health Survey 2019 and 2013

Brito, Valéria Cristina de Albuquerque; Bello-Corassa, Rafael; Stopa, Sheila Rizzato; Sardinha, Luciana Monteiro Vasconcelos; Dahl, Catarina Magalhães; Viana, Maria Carmen

doi:10.1590/SS2237-9622202200006.especial

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Original Article • Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde 31 (spe1) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/SS2237-9622202200006.especial linkcopy

Prevalence of self-reported depression in Brazil: National Health Survey 2019 and 2013

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective: To describe the prevalence of self-reported depression among Brazilian adults in the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS) and compare to the 2013 PNS.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of Brazilian adults using data from the 2019 and 2013 PNS. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of self-reported depression were estimated by region and demographic characteristics. Bivariate analyses were conducted using chi-squared tests.

Results: There were 90,846 participants aged ≥ 18 years in 2019, and 60,202 in 2013. Between 2013 and 2019, prevalence of self-reported depression increased from 7.6% (95%CI 7.2;8.1) to 10.2% (95%CI 9.9;10.6) and of individuals who sought healthcare, from 46.4% (95%CI 43.8;49.1) to 52.8% (95%CI 50.7;55.0). Private clinics were the main source of healthcare.

Conclusion: Depression is highly prevalent in Brazil. Prevalence of diagnosis of depression and use of health services increased in the studied period. The predominance of care in private clinics suggests inequalities in the improvement of mental healthcare coverage.

Keywords: Depression; Mental Disorders; Health Surveys; Cross-Sectional Studies

Macro-region/Federative Units	n^a	%	95%CI^b
North	16,937	5.0	4.4;5.6
Rondônia	2,108	9.0	7.3;10.7
Acre	2,283	6.0	4.8;7.2
Amazonas	3,370	4.2	3.2;5.2
Roraima	2,135	5.1	3.9;6.3
Pará	3,696	4.1	3.0;5.2
Amapá	1,473	4.5	2.4;6.7
Tocantins	1,872	6.6	5.3;8.0
Northeast	30,702	6.9	6.5;7.3
Maranhão	4,889	5.4	4.7;6.2
Piauí	2,674	6.9	5.6;8.2
Ceará	4,141	8.1	7;9.2
Rio Grande do Norte	2,877	8.5	7.2;9.8
Paraíba	3,068	7.6	6.3;8.8
Pernambuco	3,992	6.8	5.7;7.8
Alagoas	2,898	6.2	5;7.4
Sergipe	2,563	8.5	7.4;9.7
Bahia	3,600	6.3	5.3;7.3
Southeast	19,435	11.5	10.8;12.2
Minas Gerais	5,128	13.7	12.1;15.2
Espírito Santo	3,463	11.3	9.8;12.8
Rio de Janeiro	4,849	8.1	7.1;9.0
São Paulo	5,995	11.8	10.6;12.9
South	11,276	15.2	14.2;16.2
Paraná	3,893	13.9	12.2;15.6
Santa Catarina	3,676	13.1	11.8;14.5
Rio Grande do Sul	3,707	17.9	16.2;19.6
Midwest	10,181	10.4	9.5;11.3
Mato Grosso do Sul	2,805	10.1	8.8;11.3
Mato Grosso	2,423	8.2	6.8;9.5
Goiás	2,648	12.0	10.3;13.8
Distrito Federal	2,305	9.4	7.8;11.0
Brazil	88,531	10.2	9.9;10.6

Variables	n^a	%	95%CI^b	PR^c	95%CI^b	p-value
Sex
Male	1,930	5.1	4.7;5.5	1.0		< 0.001
Female	6,312	14.7	14.1;15.4	2.9	2.6;3.1
Age group (years)
18 to 29	836	5.9	5.2;6.7	1.0		< 0.001
30 to 59	5,040	11.3	10.8;11.9	1.9	1.7;2.2
60 and older	2,366	11.8	11.1;12.6	2.0	1.7;2.3
Education
Complete higher education	1,614	12.2	11.3;13.2	1.0		< 0.001
Complete secondary education or incomplete higher education	2,363	9.0	8.4;9.6	0.7	0.7;0.8
Complete primary education or incomplete secondary education	996	9.4	8.4;10.4	0.8	0.7;0.9
No schooling or incomplete primary education	3,269	10.9	10.3;11.5	0.9	0.8;1.0
Race/skin color
Black (Black and Brown)	4,339	8.6	8.1;9.0	1.0		< 0.001
White	3,796	12.5	11.8;13.1	1.5	1.4;1.6
Place of residence
Rural	1,373	7.6	7.0;8.3	1.0		< 0.001
Urban	6,869	10.7	10.2;11.1	1.4	1.3;1.5

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Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente - Ministério da Saúde do Brasil SRTVN Quadra 701, Via W5 Norte, Lote D, Edifício P0700, CEP: 70719-040, +55 (61) 3315-3464 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
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[TFN3] a) Unweighted values; b) 95%CI: 95% confidence intervals.