Alonso Díaz et al.26Alonso Díaz C, López Maestro M, Moral Pumarega MT, Flores Antón B, Pallás Alonso C. Primer caso de infección neonatal por SARS-CoV-2 en España [letter]. An Pediatr (Barc). 2020;92(4):237-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.03.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.03...
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- |
Asymptomatic;
Severe double pneumonia;
Intermittent polypnea;
Mild intercostal drainage;
Self-limiting oxygen desaturations
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Conducting further studies with newborns;
Carrying out new collections, when the PCR of the nasopharynx is negative, if a patient has a high index of suspicion for COVID-19 virus infection
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Canarutto et al.25Canarutto D, Priolo A, Russo G, Pitea M, Vigone MC, Barera G. COVID-19 infection in a paucisymptomatic infant: raising the index of suspicion in epidemic settings. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020;55(6):E4-E5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24754 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24754...
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- |
Fever;
Rhinitis;
Cough
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Maintaining a very low index of suspicion in children with symptoms, even in the absence of contact with confirmed cases of COVID-19, in all countries affected by the outbreak;
The management of children affected by COVID-19 should be dictated by clinical conditions, limiting hospitalization when possible; Conducting routine chest CT in children
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Feng et al.33Feng K, Yun Y, Wang X, Yang G, Zheng Y, Lin C, et al. [Analysis of CT features of 15 Children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2020;58:E007. Chinese. doi: https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2020.0007 https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-...
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Chest CT |
Asymptomatic;
Fever;
Nasal congestion;
Cough
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Screening of cases of infection with epidemiological history;
Adoption of RT-PCR as one of the diagnostic criteria;
Using chest CT as the first choice for screening images of children with suspected COVID-19 virus infection
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Kamali Aghdam et al.24Kamali Aghdam M, Jafari N, Eftekhari K. Novel coronavirus in a 15-day-old neonate with clinical signs of sepsis, a case report. Infect Dis (Lond). 2020;52(6):427-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2020.1747634 https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2020.17...
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Chest x-ray Echocardiogram |
Fever;
Lethargy;
Skin spots;
Difficulty breathing
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Conducting PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 in newborns with nonspecific clinical and laboratory symptoms of infection with parents with a history of COVID-19
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Li et al.34Li W, Cui H, Li K, Fang Y, Li S. Chest computed tomography in children with COVID-19 respiratory infection. Pediatr Radiol. 2020;50(6):796-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-020-04656-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-020-04656...
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Chest CT |
Asymptomatic;
Fever;
Cough;
Runny nose;
Sore throat
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Chest CT to assist in the diagnosis of COVID-19 |
Li et al.30Li Y, Guo FF, Cao Y, Li LF, Guo YJ. Insight into COVID-2019 for pediatricians. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020;55(5):E1-E4. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24734 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24734...
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Chest CT |
Asymptomatic;
Cough;
Runny nose;
Dyspnea
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Conducting further studies on clinical manifestations in children;
Performing PCR and chest CT for diagnosis, associated with child and family history and possible contact with infected individuals and clinical manifestations
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Lin et al.27Lin J, Duan J, Tan T, Fu Z, Dai J. The isolation period should be longer: lesson from a child infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Chongqing, China. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020;55(6):E6-E9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24763 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24763...
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Chest CT |
Asymptomatic |
Conducting additional research with large samples to investigate the characteristics of children infected with SARS-CoV-2;
Adopting an isolation period of more than 14 days for children
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Liu et al.35Liu W, Zhang Q, Chen J, Xiang R, Song H, Shu S, et al. Detection of Covid-19 in children in early January 2020 in Wuhan, China [correspondence]. New Engl J Med. 2020;382(14):1370-1. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2003717 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2003717 ...
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Chest x-ray Chest CT |
Fever;
Cough;
Vomiting.
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- |
Ma et al.41Ma Y-L, Xia S-Y, Wang M, Zhang S-M, DU W-H, Chen Q. [Clinical features of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 115 cases]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2020;22(4):290-3. doi: https://doi.org/10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2003016 https://doi.org/10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830...
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Chest CT |
Asymptomatic;
Fever;
Cough;
Runny nose;
Nasal congestion;
Gastrointestinal symptoms;
Chest tightness;
Chest pain
|
Performing RT-PCR and chest CT in children living with positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 to verify asymptomatic infection and proceed with isolation;
Continuous blood count tests that focus on alterations in white blood cells and lymphocytes;
Monitoring alterations in ALT and CK-MB
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Mansour et al.31Mansour A, Atoui R, Kanso K, Mohsen R, Fares Y, Fares J. First case of an infant with COVID-19 in the Middle East. Cureus. 2020;12(4):e7520. doi: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7520 https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7520...
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Chest X-ray |
Fever;
Lethargy;
Skin spots;
Difficulty breathing
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- |
Park et al.28Park JY, Han MS, Park KU, Kim JY, Choi EH. First pediatric case of coronavirus disease 2019 in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 2020;35(11):e124. doi: https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e124 https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e12...
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- |
Fever;
Sputum
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Closure of schools to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 in the community;
Consider the possible health risks of radiation when computed tomography is needed in children
|
Shi et al.36Shi Y, Wang X, Liu G, Zhu Q, Wang J, Yu H, et al. A quickly, effectively screening process of novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children in Shanghai, China. Ann Transl Med. 2020;8(5):241. doi: https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2020.03.22 https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2020.03.22...
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- |
Mild pneumonia;
Upper respiratory tract infection
|
- |
Su et al.37Su L, Ma X, Yu H, Zhang Z, Bian P, Han Y, et al. The different clinical characteristics of corona virus disease cases between children and their families in China: the character of children with COVID-19. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):707-13. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1744483 https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.17...
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Chest x-ray Chest CT |
Fever;
Cough
|
- |
Sun et al.39Sun D, Li H, Lu XX, Xiao H, Ren J, Zhang FR, et al. Clinical features of severe pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan: a single center’s observational study. World J Pediatr. 2020;16(3):251-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00354-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00354...
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Chest X-ray |
Polypnea;
Fever;
Cough;
Sputum;
Rumbling auscultation;
Nausea/vomiting;
Diarrhea;
Fatigue/myalgia;
Headache; Constipation
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Early identification of the specific characteristics of severe pediatric patients and timely treatment |
Xia et al.40Xia W, Shao J, Guo Y, Peng X, Li Z, Hu D. Clinical and CT features in pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection: different points from adults. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020;55(5):1169-74. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24718 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24718...
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Chest x-ray
Echocardiogram
|
Fever;
Cough;
Diarrhea;
Runny nose;
Sore throat;
Moist rales;
Vomiting;
Tachypnea;
Signs of retraction;
Cyanosis;
Co-infection with other pathogens
|
Early diagnosis to improve management and clinical treatment of children; Early chest CT |
Xu et al.38Xu Y, Li X, Zhu B, Liang H, Fang C, Gong Y, et al. Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding. Nat Med. 2020;26(4):502-5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0817-4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0817-...
|
Chest x-ray
Chest CT
|
Asymptomatic;
Fever;
Cough;
Sore throat;
Nasal congestion;
Runny Nose;
Diarrhea
|
- |
Zeng et al.29Zeng LK, Tao XW, Yuan WH, Wang J, Liu X, Liu ZS. [First case of neonate with COVID-19 in China]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2020;58(4):279-80. Chinese. doi: https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20200212-00081 https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-2...
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Chest x-ray
Chest CT
|
Fever;
Diarrhea
|
Monitoring of anal swabs for nucleic acid test;
When there is suspicion or confirmation of COVID-19 in family members or close contacts, attention should be paid to the possibility of asymptomatic and atypical infections in newborns
|
Zhang et al.32Zhang YH, Lin DJ, Xiao MF, Wang JC, Wei Y, Lei ZX, et al. 2019-novel coronavirus infection in a three-month-old baby. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2020;58(3):182-4. Chinese. doi: https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2020.03.004 https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-...
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- |
Fever;
Sputum;
Cough;
Tachycardia
|
Carrying out PCR for feces and secretions from the nasopharynx even if the PCR for blood is negative in three alternating collections;
Testing the family members;
Maintaining the child and family members in isolation and follow-up
|