Estrategias de colección de datos online en la investigación cualitativa del área de salud: revisión de escopo

Salvador, Pétala Tuani Candido de Oliveira; Alves, Kisna Yasmin Andrade; Rodrigues, Cláudia Cristiane Filgueira Martins; Oliveira, Lannuzya Veríssimo e

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Scoping Review • Rev. Gaúcha Enferm. 41 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2020.20190297 copiar

Estrategias de colección de datos online en la investigación cualitativa del área de salud: revisión de escopo

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo:

Identificar y mapear las estrategias de colección de datos online utilizadas en la investigación cualitativa del área de la salud.

Métodos:

Esta es una revisión de escopo guiada por los supuestos del Joanna Briggs Institute de acuerdo con Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Analizamos artículos científicos, tesis y disertaciones, a partir de 12 bases de datos. El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva.

Resultados:

La muestra final consistió en 121 investigaciones. Se encontró que las publicaciones se acentuaron en los últimos cinco años, con predominio de estudios del Reino Unido, las áreas más destacadas fueron la psicología (28,1%), la medicina (25,6%) y enfermería (12,4%). Fueran utilizados 10 estrategias de colección de datos online: cuestionario en línea, foro en línea, Facebook, sitios web, blogs, correo electrónico, grupo focal en línea, Twitter, chats y YouTube.

Conclusiones:

Se puede afirmar que las estrategias de colección de datos online se están expandiendo constantemente en el área de la salud.

Palabras clave:
Investigación cualitativa; Ciencias de la salud; Internet; Acceso a internet; Redes sociales en línea; Medios de comunicación sociales

Variable	n	%
Type of study
Scientific article	110	90.9
Thesis	7	5.8
Dissertation	4	3.3
Year of publication
2003 - 2008	8	6.7
2009 - 2013	24	19.8
2014 - 2018	89	73.5
Author's field of knowledge
Psychology	34	28.1
Medicine	31	25.6
Nursing	15	12.4
Public health	9	7.4
Social sciences*	7	5.8
Pharmacy	6	5.0
Nutrition	4	3.3
Occupational therapy	3	2.5
Physical therapy	3	2.5
Computer science*	3	2.5
Odontology	2	1.7
Social work	1	0.8
Pedagogy*	1	0.8
Physical education	1	0.8
Biomedicine	1	0.8

Online data collection strategies (%)	Benefits	Limitations
Online questionnaires (27.3%)	Access to large samples Wide geographical coverage Low cost Data collection neutrality Possibility of anonymity Time to ponder on the matter	High rate of unanswered questions Impossibility of clarifying or debating the answers Superficial responses Selection bias
Online forums (27.3%)	Access to large samples Wide geographical coverage Collection was enriched by the interaction between subjects Data collection neutrality It was possible to collect data on sensitive subjects	It was impossible to collect sociodemographic data Superficial responses There was a chance of communication noise Selection bias
Facebook (14.9%)	Access to large samples Wide geographical coverage Data collection with teenagers Low cost Data collection neutrality Relative anonymity	It was difficult to collect sociodemographic data It was impossible to access certain data due to privacy settings Selection bias
Websites (9.9%)	Access to large samples Low cost Data collection neutrality	It was impossible to collect sociodemographic data Selection bias
Blogs (9.1%)	Access to large samples Anonymity Low cost Data collection neutrality It was possible to collect data on sensitive subjects	It was impossible to collect sociodemographic data Impossibility of clarifying or debating the answers Possibility of losing data Selection bias
E-mail (8.3%)	Access to large samples Wide geographical coverage It was possible to collect data on sensitive subjects Time to ponder on the matter	High rate of unanswered questions Responses took a long time Responses were not spontaneous Superficial responses
Online focus groups (5.8%)	Wide geographical coverage Secure storage of data Low cost The group influence effect was minimized Possibility of anonymity	Non-verbal data was impossible to collect Superficial responses
Twitter (4.1%)	Access to large samples It was possible to map the opinions of the subjects	Ethical aspects Superficiality (character limit)
Chat room (2.5%)	Wide geographical coverage Secure storage of data Data collection with teenagers Low cost It was possible to collect data on sensitive subjects	Slower data collection Superficial responses Selection bias
YouTube (0.8%)	Access to large samples Access to large volumes of data	Selection bias

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[1] Corresponding author:
Pétala Tuani Candido de Oliveira Salvador petalatuani@hotmail.com