Bonding performance of universal adhesives with concomitant use of silanes to CAD/CAM blocks

This study assessed whether the use of a silane coupling agent influence the bond strength of two universal adhesives to ceramic or resin CAD/CAM blocks.

Methods:

Forty-eight samples were obtained from each resin nano-ceramic hybrid block (RCBs) and lithium disilicate ceramic blocks (LD). Samples were treated with silane with MDP (Monobond - S-MDP), silane without MDP (Prosil - PS), and no silane application (Control - Ctr) followed by universal adhesive with silane (UAS) and without silane (UA) (n=8). Three polyurethane tubes (1.5 mm of internal diameter) were positioned in each sample treated surface and filled with a dual cured resin cement. Bond strength was assessed by microshear bond strength test and failure analysis was performed for all samples.

Results:

For the RCBs, UAS presented the highest bond strength values (p=0.004). Silane application was not significant in bond strength values (p=0.444). For LD, silane application was significant in bond strength values (p<0.001), but the adhesive was not (p=0.066). Failure analysis showed high prevalence of adhesive failures for both substrates.

Conclusion:

A silane-containing universal adhesive promoted the best bond strength results to the resin nano-ceramic hybrid block. For bonding to a glass-ceramic CAD/CAM material, additional silane (without MDP) application presented the best results.

Indexing terms
Acid etching; Ceramics; Computer-aided design; Silanes

Material (manufacturer)	Composition
Monobond N (S-MDP) (Ivoclar Vivadent)	Alcohol solution of silane methacrylate, phosphoric acid methacrylate and sulfide methacrylate.
Prosil (PS) (FGM, Brazil)	3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; Ethanol, water
Scothbond Universal (UAS) (3M ESPE, USA)	Phosphate monomer (MDP), dimethacrylate resins, BisGMA, HEMA, methacrylate modified polyalkenoic acid copolymer, camphorquinone, filler, ethanol, water, initiators, silane.
Ambar Universal (UA) (FGM, Brazil)	MDP, methacrylic monomers, photoinitiators, coinitiators, silica nanoparticles, ethanol stabilizers.
Rebilda DC resin cement (VOCO, Germany)	Bis-GMA, UDMA, DDDMA, inorganic fillers (69% weight)
Resin nano-ceramic hybrid block (*RCBs) (Grandio Blocs, Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany)*	86% w/w inorganic filler (n.i.) in a methacrylate polymer matrix.
Lithium disilicate ceramic block (LD) (IPS e.max, Ivoclar Vivadent)	58 - 80% SiO₂, 11 - 19% Li₂O, 0 - 13% K₂O, 0 - 8% ZrO₂, 0 - 5% Al₂O₃

Nano-ceramic hybrid block
	Adhesive		Total
Silane	UAS	UA	Total
S-MDP	15.98 (3.21)^Aa	12.65 (2.63)^Aa	14.31 (2.92)^a
PS	15.09 (4.51)^Aa	13.34 (3.07)^Aa	14.21 (3.79)^a
Ctr	17.45 (3.65)^Aa	13.69 (2.37)^Aa	15.57 (3.01)^a
Total	16.17 (3.79)^A	13.23 (2.69)^B
Lithium disilicate ceramic
S-MDP	10.90 (2.75)^Aa	12.83 (3.32)^Aa	11.86 (3.03)^a
PS	19.17 (2.40)^Ab	18.74 (2.71)^Ab	18.95 (2.55)^b
Ctr	12.09 (2.41)^Aa	15.43 (3.89)^Aab	13.76 (3.15)^a
Total	14.05 (2.52)^A	15.67 (3.30)^A

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[1] Correspondence to: RF Zanatta. Email: rayssa.zanatta@unb.br.