Estudio experimental de mezclas de concreto para producir UHPRC usando materiales brasileños sustentables

Se presenta un estudio experimental para producir Ultra High Performance Reinforced Concrete (UHPRC) con materiales sustentables producidos en Brasil. Un arreglo factorial completo fue definido y cinco factores controlables fueron seleccionados basados en la revisión bibliográfica. Especímenes cilíndricos fueron ensayados a los 7, 14 y 28 días de curado, con y sin tratamiento térmico, para determinar la resistencia a la compresión. Desvíos residuales fueron determinados y se aplicó un análisis de varianza usando ANOVA para conocer la contribución de cada factor controlable sobre la resistencia a la compresión, la cual alcanzó un valor máximo de 138,12 MPa. Al final se propone un diseño de mezcla para obtener UHPRC aplicando una metodología simple de fabricación usando materiales comerciales, con los cuales se puede obtener un concreto de alto desempeño que alcanza a los siete días de curado el 70% de su resistencia.

Palavras-chave:
UHPRC; sustentable; resistencia a la compresión; ANOVA

Autoría

R. R. AGUERO

Universidade Federal do Rio Grance do Sul, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil; rosangel.rojas@ufrgs.br jose.aguirre@ufrgs.br americo@ufrgs.brUniversidade Federal do Rio Grance do Sul, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil; rosangel.rojas@ufrgs.br jose.aguirre@ufrgs.br americo@ufrgs.brUniversidade Federal do Rio Grance do Sul, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil; rosangel.rojas@ufrgs.br jose.aguirre@ufrgs.br americo@ufrgs.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0776-599X

C. KORZENOWSKI

Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brasil; christa-korzenowski@uergs.edu.brUniversidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brasil; christa-korzenowski@uergs.edu.brUniversidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brasil; christa-korzenowski@uergs.edu.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-2910

J. R. Y. AGUIRRE

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2557-8779

A. CAMPOS FILHO

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7764-3010

L. C. P. da SILVA FILHO

Universidade Federal do Rio Grance do Sul, Laboratorio de Ensaios e Modelos Estruturais, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. lcarlos66@gmail.com carolinamallmann98@gmail.comUniversidade Federal do Rio Grance do Sul, Laboratorio de Ensaios e Modelos Estruturais, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. lcarlos66@gmail.com carolinamallmann98@gmail.comUniversidade Federal do Rio Grance do Sul, Laboratorio de Ensaios e Modelos Estruturais, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. lcarlos66@gmail.com carolinamallmann98@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3703-7328

C. S. MALLMANN

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4856-5361

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras | Tablas

Figuras (9)
Tablas (6)

Referencia	(kg/m³)						w/b		w/c	% fibras	MPa
Referencia	Cemento	GGBS	SF	W	Cuarzo	Arena				f_ck	f_ck*
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Yu [⁶[6] Yu, R.; Spiesz, P.; Brouwers, H. Mix design and properties assessment of Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC). Journal Cement and Concrete Research, v.56, 2014; p.29-39. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0008884613002275 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art... ]	875	0	44	0	0	1273	0,22	0,23	2,5	149	94
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Yang [⁸[8] Yang, S.L.; Millard, S.G.; Soutsos, M.N.; Barnett, S.J.; Le, T.T. Influence of aggregate and curing regime on the mechanical properties of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC). Journal Construction and Building Materials, v.26, n.6, 2009; p.2291-2298. http://www.sciencedirect.com /science/article/pii/S0950061808003449 http://www.sciencedirect.com /science/ar... ]	657	430	119	0	0	1050	0,15	0,28	2	190	-
Bache [¹⁷[17] Bache, H. H. Densified cement ultra-fine particle-based materials. In Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on superplasticizers in concrete, Ottawa, Canada, 1981, p. 33. https://ntrl.ntis.gov/NTRL/dashboard/searchResults/titleDetail/DE93500154.xhtml https://ntrl.ntis.gov/NTRL/dashboard/sea... ]	300	0	100	0	0	0	0,19	0,25	0	0	130
Larrad [²⁰[20] Larrard, F.; Sedran, T. Optimization of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete by the use of a packing model. Journal Cement and Concrete Research, v.24, n.1, 1994; p.997-1009. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0008884694900221 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art... ]	1081	0	334	0	0	813	0,14	0,18	0	238	165
Rossi [²³[23] Lim, D.H. and Nawy, E. G. Behavior of plain and steel-fiber-reinforced high-strength concrete under uniaxial and biaxial compression. Journal Magazine of Concrete Research, v.57, n.10, 2005; p.603-610. http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/pdf/10.1680/macr.2005.57.10.603 http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/pdf... ]	1050	0	268	0	0	514	0,16	0,20	5	205	-
Lim [²⁴[24] Graybeal, B. Compressive behavior of Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete. Journal ACI Materials, v.104, n.2, 2007; p.146-152. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259435679 https://www.researchgate.net/publication... ]	543	0	80	0	0	1242	0,21	0,24	1,5	121	-
Graybeal [²⁵[25] Thanh, LE. Ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete paving flags, Liverpool, 2008, PHD Thesis - University of Liverpool, 670 p. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos. 502191 http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=u... ]	710	0	230	0	210	1020	0,14	0,15	2	193	126
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Toledo [²⁸[28] Wu, Z.; Shi, C.; Khayat, K. Influence of silica fume content on microstructure development and bond to steel fiber in ultra-high strength cement based materials (UHSC). Journal Cement and Concrete Composites, v.71, 2016; p.97-109. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0958946516301317 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art... ]	1011	0	58	76	0	962	0,17	0,16	2	162	-
Wu [²⁹[29] Lampropoulos, A; Paschalis, S.; Tsioulou, O.; Dritsos, S. Strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC). Journal Engineering Structures, v.16, 2016; p.370-384. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0141029615006768 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art... ]	863	315	216	0	0	1079	0,18	0,21	2	-	118
Lampropoulos [³⁰[30] Liu, J.; Han, F.; Cui, G.; Zhang, Q.; Lv, Z.; Zhang, L.; Yang, Z. Combined effect of coarse aggregate and fiber on tensile behavior of ultra-high performance concrete. Journal Constructions and Building Materials, v.121, 2016; p.310-318. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950061816307620 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art... ]	657	418	119	0	0	1051	0,15	0,28	3	-	-
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Kahanji [³⁵[35] Wu, Z.; Shi, C.; He, W.; Wang, D. Static and dynamic compressive properties of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) with hybrid steel fiber reinforcements. Journal Cement and Concrete Composites, n.79, 2017; p.148-157. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0958946517301622 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art... ]	967	0	251	0	0	675	0,20	0,25	1	155	-
Wu [³⁶[36] Alsalman, A.; Dang, C.; Micah, W. Development of ultra-high performance concrete with locally available materials. Journal Construction and Building Materials, v.133, 2017; p.135-145. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950061816319468 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art... ]	472	315	262	0	0	1049	0,17	0,38	2	144	98

Material	UHPRC-1	UHPRC-2	UHPRC-3
Cemento	597	657	776
GGBS	537	418	179
SF	60	119	239
SS	1051	1051	1051
Superplastificante	40	40	40
Agua	185	185	185

Designación	Factor control	Nivel 1	Nivel 2	Nivel 3
A	Edad de la muestra	7 días	14 días	28 días
B	Tamaño máximo GGBS	850 µm	1700 µm	1180µm
C	Tipo de trazo	UHPRC-1	UHPRC-2	UHPRC-3
Cemento:		50%	55%	65%
GGBS:		45%	35%	15%
SF:		5%	10%	20%
D	Tipo de curado	Sin tratamiento térmico	Con tratamiento térmico	-

Designación	Grados de libertad
A	2
B	2
C	2
D	1
A x B	4
A x C	4
A x D	2
B x C	4
B x D	2
C x D	2
A x B x C	8
B x C x D	4
C x D x A	4
D x A x B	4
A x B x C x D	8
Média general	1
Total	52

A	A1: 7 dias
B	B1: 850 µm			B2: 1700 µm			B3: 1180 µm
C	C1	C2	C3	C1	C2	C3	C1	C2	C3
D	51	84	106	63	81	89	56	74	119
D	60	95	93	70	68	86	78	77	95
A	A2: 14 dias
B	B1: 850 µm			B2: 1700 µm			B3: 1180 µm
C	C1	C2	C3	C1	C2	C3	C1	C2	C3
D	58	104	120	64	65	95	61	63	125
D	67	97	96	82	85	92	84	99	112
A	A3: 28 dias
B	B1: 850 µm			B2: 1700 µm			B3: 1180 µm
C	C1	C2	C3	C1	C2	C3	C1	C2	C3
D	72	113	138	46	98	122	90	102	135
D	81	116	122	94	106	115	110	100	117

Factores controlables	Fuente	SQ	GDL	MQ	Teste F	Probabilidad
Edad de la muestra	A	16521	2	8260	1481	3,1E-79
Granulometría de la GGBS	B	2965	2	1482	266	1,93E-42
Tipo de trazo	C	39614	2	19807	3552	2,97E-99
Tipo de curado	D	639	1	639	115	1,14E-18
	AB	185	4	46	8	6,99E-06
	AC	444	4	111	20	2,61E-12
	AD	322	2	161	29	9,16E-11
	BC	5414	4	1354	243	5,27E-53
	BD	793	2	396	71	2,00E-20
	CD	6961	2	3480	624	4,58E-60
	ABC	2502	8	313	56	5,44E-35
	BCD	658	4	164	29	1,44E-16
	CDA	721	4	180	32	1,08E-17
	DAB	1426	4	356	64	1,32E-27
	ABCD	1368	8	171	31	1,59E-24
	Erro	602	108	6	-	-
	TOTAL	81135	161	-	-	-