Influence of cement type, air-entrained admixture and hydration stabilizing admixture on mortars’ setting time

Antoniazzi, Juliana Pippi; Mohamad, Gihad; Casali, Juliana Machado

doi:10.1590/S1983-41952021000100014

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Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. IBRACON Estrut. Mater. 14 (1) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1983-41952021000100014 copy

Influence of cement type, air-entrained admixture and hydration stabilizing admixture on mortars’ setting time

Influência do tipo de cimento e dos aditivos incorporador de ar e estabilizador de hidratação no tempo de pega de argamassas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Ready mix mortar is a ready to use mixture that uses hydration stabilizing (HSA) and air-entrained (AEA) admixtures in its composition, which modify its properties, especially the setting times. HSA extends the setting time of mortars for a long period, while AEA promotes a greater workability to the mixture. The study determined the temperature of the mortars with the evaluation of the setting times obtained by a semi-adiabatic calorimeter. Two types of cement (CPII-F-40 e CPII-Z-32) and varied contents of HSA (0.0%, 0.6% e 0.9%) and AEA (0.0%, 0.2% e 0.4%) were used. The results showed that the use of HSA decreased the amplitude of the temperature peaks and increased the setting times with cement CPII-Z-32 in relation to cement CPII-F-40. The setting time of the mortars was influenced by the type of cement used and by the contents of the admixtures.

Keywords:
air-entrained admixture; hydration stabilizing admixture; ready mix mortar; setting time

Property	Cement F	Cement Z	Method
Specific mass (g/cm³)	3.10	3.06	ABNT NBR 16605 [³⁰30 Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Cimento Portland e Outros Materiais em Pó – Determinação da Massa Específica, ABNT NBR 16605, 2017.]
Fineness index (#0.075mm) (%)	0.12	0.51	ABNT NBR 11579 [³¹31 Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Cimento Portland – Determinação do Índice de Finura por Meio da Peneira 75μm (no 200), ABNT NBR 11579, 2013.]
Percentage of water for normal consistency (%)	29.00	28.71	ABNT NBR 16606 [³²32 Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Cimento Portland – Determinação da Pasta de Consistência Normal, ABNT NBR 16606, 2018.]
Initial setting (h:min)	4:00	4:10	ABNT NBR 16607 [³³33 Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Cimento Portland – Determinação dos Tempos de Pega, ABNT NBR 16607, 2018.]
Final setting (h:min)	5:20	5:44	ABNT NBR 16607 [³³33 Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Cimento Portland – Determinação dos Tempos de Pega, ABNT NBR 16607, 2018.]
Surface area (m²/g)	1.2592	1.2844	BET
Pore volume (cm³/g)	0.004791	0.004190	BET
Pore dimension (nm)	20.0047	17.7925	BJH/BET

Chemical Tests
		Cement F	Cement Z	Code Limit	Normative
Ignition loss (%)		4.86	5.26	$\leq$ 6.5	ABNT NBR NM 18 [³⁴34 Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Cimento Portland – Análise Química – Determinação de Perda ao Fogo, ABNT NBR NM 18, 2012.]
Magnesium oxide (%)		5.90	5.52	$\leq$ 6.5	ABNT NBR NM 14 [³⁵35 Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Cimento Portland – Análise Química – Método de Arbitragem para Determinação de Dióxido de Silício, Óxido Férrico, Óxido de Alumínio, Óxido de Cálcio e Óxido de Magnésio, ABNT NBR NM 14, 2012.]
Sulfur trioxide (%)		3.56	2.83	$\leq$ 4.0	ABNT NBR NM 16 [³⁶36 Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Cimento Portland – Análise Química – Determinação de Anidrido Sulfúrico, ABNT NBR NM 16, 2012.]
Insoluble residue (%)		0.82	13.17	$\leq$ 2.5 / $\leq$ 16	ABNT NBR NM 22 [³⁷37 Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Cimento Portland com Adições de Materiais Pozolânicos – Análise Química – Método de Arbitragem, ABNT NBR NM 22, 2012.]
Physical and Mechanical Tests
Blaine (cm²/g)		4521.50	3657.50	≥ 2800 / ≥ 2600	ABNT NBR 16372 [³⁸38 Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Cimento Portland e Outros Materiais em Pó – Determinação da Finura pelo Método de Permeabilidade ao Ar – Método de Blaine, ABNT NBR 16372, 2015.]
Hot expansibility (mm)		0.38	0.55	≤ 5.0	ABNT NBR 11582 [³⁹39 Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Cimento Portland – Determinação da Expansibilidade Le Chatelier, ABNT NBR 11582, 2016.]
Compression strength	1 day	23.73	12.51	N/A	ABNT NBR 7215 [⁴⁰40 Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Cimento Portland – Determinação da Resistência à Compressão de Corpos de Prova Cilíndricos, ABNT NBR 7215, 2019.]
	3 days	34.47	22.89	$\geq$ 15.0 / $\geq$ 10.0
	7 days	40.25	28.17	$\geq$ 25.0 / $\geq$ 20.0
	28 days	47.68	37.13	$\geq$ 40.0 / $\geq$ 32.0; $\leq$ 49.0

Propriety	Sand	Method
Maximum characteristic dimension (mm)	1.20	ABNT NBR NM 248 [⁴¹41 Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Agregados – Determinação da Composição Granulométrica, ABNT NBR NM 248, 2003.]
Fineness module	1.73	ABNT NBR NM 248 [⁴¹41 Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Agregados – Determinação da Composição Granulométrica, ABNT NBR NM 248, 2003.]
Specific mass(g/cm³)	2.64	ABNT NBR NM 52 [⁴²42 Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Agregado Miúdo – Determinação da Massa Específica e Massa Específica Aparente, ABNT NBR NM 52, 2009.]
Unit mass (g/cm³)	1.63	ABNT NBR NM 45 [⁴³43 Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Agregados – Determinação da Massa Unitária e do Volume de Vazios, ABNT NBR NM 45, 2006.]
Content of pulverulent meterial (%)	4.94	ABNT NBR NM 46 [⁴⁴44 Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Agregados – Determinação do Material Fino que Passa Através da Peneira 75 um, por Lavagem, ABNT NBR NM 46, 2003.]
Surface area (m²/g)	0.5424	BET
Pore volume (cm³/g)	0.001156	BET
Pore dimension (nm)	8.4833	BJH/BET

Characteristics	AEA	HSA
Chemical base	Sulfated ethoxylated fatty alcohol salt	-
Aspect	Liquid	Liquid
Color	Yellow	Brown
Density (g/cm³)	1.00	1.17
Solids content (%)	3	45
pH	9	6
Solubility	Soluble in water (20°C)	Soluble in water
Dosages (% cement weight)	0.1 – 0.5	0.2 – 1.5

Mortar	HSA (%)	AEA (%)	Type of cement	Nomenclature
A1(0.0/0.0)	0.0	0.0	Cement F	A1F(0.0/0.0)
A1(0.0/0.0)	0.0	0.0	Cement Z	A1Z(0.0/0.0)
A2(0.6/0.0)	0.6	0.0	Cement F	A2F(0.6/0.0)
A2(0.6/0.0)	0.6	0.0	Cement Z	A2Z(0.6/0.0)
A3(0.9/0.0)	0.9	0.0	Cement F	A3F(0.9/0.0)
A3(0.9/0.0)	0.9	0.0	Cement Z	A3Z(0.9/0.0)
A4(0.0/0.2)	0.0	0.2	Cement F	A4F(0.0/0.2)
A4(0.0/0.2)	0.0	0.2	Cement Z	A4Z(0.0/0.2)
A5(0.0/0.4)	0.0	0.4	Cement F	A5F(0.0/0.4)
A5(0.0/0.4)	0.0	0.4	Cement Z	A5Z(0.0/0.4)
A6(0.6/0.2)	0.6	0.2	Cement F	A6F(0.6/0.2)
A6(0.6/0.2)	0.6	0.2	Cement Z	A6Z(0.6/0.2)
A7(0.6/0.4)	0.6	0.4	Cement F	A7F(0.6/0.4)
A7(0.6/0.4)	0.6	0.4	Cement Z	A7Z(0.6/0.4)
A8(0.9/0.2)	0.9	0.2	Cement F	A8F(0.9/0.2)
A8(0.9/0.2)	0.9	0.2	Cement Z	A8Z(0.9/0.2)
A9(0.9/0.4)	0.9	0.4	Cement F	A9F(0.9/0.4)
A9(0.9/0.4)	0.9	0.4	Cement Z	A9Z(0.9/0.4)

Mixture (HSA/AEA)	Initial setting time (h)			Final setting time (h)
Mixture (HSA/AEA)	Cement F	Cement Z	P^**	Cement F	Cement Z	P**
A1 (0.0/0.0)	4.17±0.29 ^A	3.33±0.29 ^A	0.024	13.00±0.29 ^A	12.83±0.29 ^A	0.230
A2 (0.6/0.0)	93.17±1.26 ^B	132.00±1.00 ^C	<0.001	100.50±0.50 ^B	140.17±0.76 ^C	<0.001
A3 (0.9/0.0)	155.50±1.32 ^E	227.83±0.29 ^E	<0.001	175.50±0.87 ^E	246.83±0.29 ^E	<0.001
A4 (0.0/0.2)	5.33±0.29 ^A	4.50±0.50 ^A	0.067	13.83±0.29 ^A	14.00±0.50 ^A	0.643
A5 (0.0/0.4)	5.00±0.50 ^A	4.50±0.50 ^A	0.288	14.67±0.76 ^A	14.50±0.50 ^A	0.768
A6 (0.6/0.2)	110.17±0.76 ^D	106.00±1.73 ^B	0.019	121.67±0.76 ^D	117.50±1.32 ^B	0.009
A7 (0.6/0.4)	105.00±0.50 ^C	153.33±0.76 ^D	<0.001	114.17±0.29 ^C	182.83±1.26 ^D	<0.001
A8 (0.9/0.2)	154.00±1.00 ^E	290.00±0.50 ^G	<0.001	183.00±1.00 ^F	386.00±5.67 ^G	<0.001
A9 (0.9/0.4)	223.00±1.00 ^F	264.33±0.29 ^F	<0.001	237.83±0.76 ^G	278.17±2.52 ^F	<0.001
p ^*	<0.001	<0.001	-	<0.001	<0.001	-

Mixture (HSA/AEA)	Initial setting time (h)			Final setting time (h)
Mixture (HSA/AEA)	Cement F	Cement Z	P^**	Cement F	Cement Z	P**
A1 (0.0/0.0)	5.76±0.21^A	5.44±0.49 ^A	0.353	8.91±0.17 ^A	7.45±0.46 ^A	0.007
A2 (0.6/0.0)	94.17±0.65 ^B	133.36±0.67 ^C	<0.001	95.56±0.94 ^B	135.30±0.59 ^C	<0.001
A3 (0.9/0.0)	159.54±1.10 ^E	231.50±0.60 ^E	<0.001	164.09±0.85 ^E	236.53±0.64 ^E	<0.001
A4 (0.0/0.2)	7.11±0.22 ^A	6.35±0.40 ^A	0.053	8.90±0.33 ^A	8.44±0.43 ^A	0.214
A5 (0.0/0.4)	7.16±0.40 ^A	6.69±0.34 ^A	0.196	8.89±0.40 ^A	8.28±0.30 ^A	0.099
A6 (0.6/0.2)	112.51±1.02 ^D	108.43±1.32 ^B	0.013	114.97±0.98 ^D	110.73±1.28 ^B	0.010
A7 (0.6/0.4)	106.50±0.82 ^C	160.54±0.98 ^D	<0.001	108.56±0.66 ^C	166.36±1.04 ^C	<0.001
A8 (0.9/0.2)	160.28±0.72 ^E	294.55±0.67 ^G	<0.001	167.44±0.58 ^F	298.16±1.00 ^G	<0.001
A9 (0.9/0.4)	224.65±0.12 ^F	266.69±0.21 ^F	<0.001	228.34±0.06 ^G	270.20±0.65 ^F	<0.001
p ^*	<0.001	<0.001		<0.001	<0.001

Mixture (HSA/AEA)	Initial setting time (h)			Final setting time(h)
Mixture (HSA/AEA)	Cement F	Cement Z	P^**	Cement F	Cement Z	P**
A1 (0.0/0.0)	6.31±0.27 ^A	5.67±0.70 ^A	0.216	8.36±0.18 ^A	8.26±0.25 ^A	0.774
A2 (0.6/0.0)	94.26±0.70 ^B	132.56±0.80 ^C	<0.001	98.45±0.76 ^C	134.30±1.22 ^D	<0.001
A3 (0.9/0.0)	166.31±0.85 ^F	229.74±0.70 ^E	<0.001	179.80±0.86 ^G	239.77±0.50 ^F	<0.001
A4 (0.0/0.2)	7.05±0.12 ^A	7.09±0.30 ^A	0.840	10.07±0.55 ^AB	15.74±0.55 ^B	<0.001
A5 (0.0/0.4)	6.63±0.39 ^A	7.40±0.53 ^A	0.113	11.37±0.35 ^B	9.27±0.39 ^A	0.002
A6 (0.6/0.2)	113.85±1.25 ^D	105.28±0.01 ^B	<0.001	115.91±1.06 ^E	110.45±0.01 ^C	0.001
A7 (0.6/0.4)	106.58±0.69 ^C	155.52±0.75 ^D	<0.001	109.60±0.84 ^D	163.94±0.75 ^E	<0.001
A8 (0.9/0.2)	152.30±0.93 ^E	296.29±0.71 ^G	<0.001	168.25±0.66 ^F	301.69±0.71 ^H	<0.001
A9 (0.9/0.4)	227.36±1.26 ^G	267.48±1.02 ^F	<0.001	230.65±0.36 ^H	273.57±1.02 ^G	<0.001
p ^*	<0.001	<0.001		<0.001	<0.001

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E-mail: arlene@ibracon.org.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Juliana Pippi Antoniazzi. E-mail: juliana.antoniazzi@ufsm.br