Effect of duration and pressure of carbonation curing on the chloride profile in concrete

Dias, Roberto Luiz; Beltrame, Neusa Aparecida Munhak; Gonzalez, Jordi Rius; Medeiros-Junior, Ronaldo Alves

doi:10.1590/S1983-41952023000600003

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Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. IBRACON Estrut. Mater. 16 (6) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1983-41952023000600003 copy

Effect of duration and pressure of carbonation curing on the chloride profile in concrete

Efeito da duração e pressão da cura por carbonatação do concreto em perfis de cloreto

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Carbonation curing alters the characteristics of the concrete's microstructure and can interfere with the penetration of aggressive ions. The objective of this article was to evaluate the influence of CO₂ pressure and carbonation cure time on chloride profiles. Concrete specimens were cured by carbonation with CO₂ pressures ranging from 5 to 25 Psi, for a time within the carbonation chamber of 8, 24, and 36 hours. These concretes were subjected to 30 wetting and drying cycles in NaCl solution to stimulate the chloride ingress. The carbonation depth and the microstructure of the concrete were monitored over time. Chloride profiles were obtained and modeled by 4 mathematical equations. The results showed that the combination of less time and CO₂ pressure during carbonation curing potentiated the reduction of chloride penetration in concrete. Also, the carbonation curing conditions of 5 and 10 Psi for 8 hours reduced the chloride diffusion coefficient.

Keywords:
carbonation curing; CO₂ pressure; curing time; chloride profiles; modeling

Ref.	Test samples	Pre-cure	Carbonation			Post-cure
Ref.	Test samples	Pre-cure	CO₂ (%)	Pressure (Psi)	Time (h)	Post-cure
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Property	Unit	CP-II F	Property	Unit	CP-II F
CaO	%	59.51	Specific gravity	g/cm³	3.03
SiO₂	%	16.80	Initial setting time	h:min	03:40
Al₂O₃	%	3.86	Final setting time	h:min	04:30
MgO	%	3.13	Fineness Blaine	cm²/g	3,730
SO₃	%	2.56	# 200	%	0.80
Fe₂O₃	%	2.56	# 325	%	6.70
Loss on ignition	%	10.44	Compressive strength (3 d)	MPa	29.8
Free CaO	%	0.70	Compressive strength (7 d)	MPa	35.2
Insoluble residue	%	0.75	Compressive strength (28 d)	MPa	40.8
Alkaline content (Na₂O and K₂O)	%	0.61

Code	Pressure (Psi)	Time (h)	Code	Pressure (Psi)	Time (h)
5p8h	5	8	20p8h	20	8
5p24h	5	24	20p24h	20	24
5p32h	5	32	20p32h	20	32
10p8h	10	8	25p8h	25	8
10p24h	10	24	25p24h	25	24
10p32h	10	32	25p32h	25	32
15p8h	15	8	REF	-	-
15p24h	15	24
15p32h	15	32

Pressure	Depth of carbonation (mm)			Mass increment CO₂ (%)			Absorption (%)
Pressure	8 h	24 h	32 h	8 h	24 h	32 h	8 h	24 h	32 h
5 Psi	11.63	17.51	22.54	6.46	11.48	15.19	4.1	5.2	4.9
10 Psi	9.42	14.65	20.52	7.55	10.42	11.56	5.3	6.6	6.0
15 Psi	12.92	21.58	20.57	6.98	13.01	13.63	4.5	4.8	6.2
20 Psi	13.92	17.87	22.43	7.76	10.37	10.97	4.3	6.0	6.4
25 Psi	14.87	20.44	21.87	8.43	10.97	12.44	5.1	5.4	6.1

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[1] Corresponding author: Neusa Aparecida Munhak Beltrame. E-mail: neusamunhakbeltrame@gmail.com