Relationship between the performance of pervious concrete slabs with steel slag and the shape properties of coarse aggregates

Pimentel, Helano Wilson; Carvalho, Ivo de Castro; Silva, Webert Brasil Cirilo da; Chaves, André Rocha; Babadopulos, Lucas Feitosa de Albuquerque Lima

doi:10.1590/S1983-41952024000500001

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. IBRACON Estrut. Mater. 17 (5) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1983-41952024000500001 copy

This document is related to:

10.1590/S1983-41952024000500011

Relationship between the performance of pervious concrete slabs with steel slag and the shape properties of coarse aggregates

Relação entre a performance de placas de concreto permeável com escória de aciaria e as propriedades de forma de agregados graúdos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The growth of cities affects their permeable surface, which can unbalance hydrological cycles. The pervious concrete can be a viable solution to combat urban environmental impacts in this subject. This type of concrete can be told apart by the presence of interconnected pores and its drainage capacity. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between aggregate shape, mechanical resistance, and permeability of pervious concrete slabs containing steel slag. A Digital Image Processing (DIP) based method was used to measure aggregate shape properties. Three different mixes, using three types of coarse aggregate (gravel 12.5 mm, gravel 9.5 mm, and coarse steel slag), and a type of fine aggregate (fine slag) were tested, and flexural strength, flow, and permeability coefficients were obtained for the slabs. Results showed the potential of using steel slag, with higher flexural strength results (4.61 MPa). Indications of the relationship between aggregate shape parameters and slab properties were determined, with more polished, more angular, and more spherical material resulting in higher flexural strength values and lower permeability coefficient. The inverse relationship between the slabs’ permeability parameters and flexural strength was observed.

Keywords:
aggregate shape; mechanical resistance; permeability; pervious concrete

Sieve (mm)	Accumulated retained percentage (%)
Sieve (mm)	9.5 mm steel slag	Coarse slag	Fine slag	12.5 mm gravel	9.5 mm gravel
19	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
12.5	2.40	4.50	0.00	2.90	0.00
9.5	3.61	6.75	0.00	25.29	3.80
6.3	10.32	19.32	0.00	76.69	56.12
4.75	18.34	34.33	0.00	92.41	86.40
2.4	53.41	100.00	0.00	99.47	99.75
1.2	83.37	100.00	64.30	99.97	99.75
0.6	94.89	100.00	89.03	99.98	99.75
0.3	98.30	100.00	96.34	99.99	99.75
0.15	99.20	100.00	98.28	100.00	99.75
Pan	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

Sieve (mm)	9.5 mm steel slag		Coarse slag
Sieve (mm)	Δ A.R (%) from 12.5 mm gravel	Δ A.R (%) from 9.5 mm gravel	Δ A.R (%) from 12.5 mm gravel	Δ A.R (%) from 9.5 mm gravel
12.5	0.50	2.40	1.60	4.50
9.5	21.68	0.19	18.53	2.95
6.3	69.37	45.80	60.37	36.80
4.75	74.07	68.06	58.07	52.07
2.4	46.06	46.34	0.53	0.25
1.2	16.60	16.38	0.03	0.25
0.6	5.09	4.86	0.02	0.25
0.3	1.69	1.45	0.01	0.25
0.15	0.80	0.55	0.00	0.25
	Δ A.R. (%) average value = 23.44		Δ A.R. (%) average value = 13.15

Materials	NMS (mm)	Fineness modulus	Density (g/cm³)	Unit weight (kg/m³)	Void content (%)
12.5 mm gravel	12.5	6.17	2.51	1,370.54	45.4
9.5 mm gravel	9.5	5.89	2.55	1,380.00	45.9
9.5 mm steel slag (before the separation)	9.5	4.51	3.61	–	–
Coarse slag	12.5	5.41	3.61	1,770.00	51.0
Fine slag	2.4	3.48	3.61	1,850.00	48.8
Cement	–	–	3.13	–	–

Shape properties	Limit [⁴²42 D. S. Ibiapina, "Proposition of a classification system for the shape properties of aggregates characterized using Digital Image Processing for the selection of Brazilian materials," DSc. thesis, Fed. Univ. Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil, 2018.]
Angularity	< 1,260	1,260 – 4,080	4,080 – 7,180	> 7,180	–
Angularity	Rounded	Sub-rounded	Sub-angular	Angular	–
Sphericity	< 0.5	0.5 – 0.7	0.7 – 0.9	> 0.9	–
Sphericity	Flat elongated	Low sphericity	Moderate sphericity	High sphericity	–
Texture	< 260	260 – 440	440 – 600	600 – 825	> 825
Texture	Polished	Smooth	Low roughness	Moderate roughness	High roughness

Aggregates	Shape properties	Highest percentage observed (zone limits)	Classification results
12.5 mm gravel	Angularity	88.7% (1,260.0 – 4,080.0)	Sub-rounded
	Sphericity	57.7% (0.5 – 0.7)	Low sphericity
	Texture	62.7% (260.0 – 440.0)	Smooth
Coarse slag	Angularity	62.0% (4,080.0 – 7,180.0)	Sub-angular
	Sphericity	86.0% (0.7 – 0.9)	Moderate sphericity
	Texture	64.0% (260.0 – 440.0)	Smooth
9.5 mm gravel	Angularity	94.0% (1,260.0 – 4,080.0)	Sub-rounded
	Sphericity	56.6% (0.5 – 0.7)	Low sphericity
	Texture	56.6% (< 260.0)	Polished

Concrete mixes	Unit weight (kg/m³)	Void content (%)	Consumption (kg/m³)				Materials proportions by weight
Concrete mixes	Unit weight (kg/m³)	Void content (%)	Cement	Fine aggregate (a)	Coarse aggregate (b)	Water (w/c)	1:a:b:w/c
Mix with fine slag and 12.5 mm gravel	1,575.50	37.38	329.89	330.41	807.23	107.92	1:1.00:2.45:0.33
Mix with fine and coarse slag	1,935.90	36.41	329.34	329.86	1,158.14	118.56	1:1.00:3.52:0.36
Mix with fine slag and 9.5 mm gravel	1,785.35	29.95	372.19	372.78	924.52	115.79	1:1.00:2.48:0.31

Properties		Relationships between properties			Mixes in each relationship
Properties		A	B	C	A	B	C
Aggregate shape	Angularity	X	O	X	1. Mix with fine slag and 9.5 mm gravel	1. Mix with fine slag and 12.5 mm gravel	1. Mix with fine slag and 9.5 mm gravel
	Sphericity	X	O	X	1. Mix with fine slag and 9.5 mm gravel	1. Mix with fine slag and 12.5 mm gravel	2. Mix with fine slag and 12.5 mm gravel
	Texture	O	X	X	2. Mix with fine slag and 12.5 mm gravel	2. Mix with fine slag and coarse slag	3. Mix with fine slag and coarse slag
Concrete slab	Flexural strength	O	O	O
	Permeability coefficient	O	O	O
	Flow coefficient	X	X	O

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E-mail: arlene@ibracon.org.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Ivo de Castro Carvalho. E-mail: ivodecastro@alu.ufc.br