Experimental and numerical characterization of the interface between concrete masonry block and mortar

PASQUANTONIO, R. D.; PARSEKIAN, G. A.; FONSECA, F. S.; G.SHRIVE, N.

doi:10.1590/S1983-41952020000300008

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Articles • Rev. IBRACON Estrut. Mater. 13 (03) • May-Jun 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1983-41952020000300008 copy

Experimental and numerical characterization of the interface between concrete masonry block and mortar

Análise teórica e experimental de ensaios de caracterização da interface entre bloco de concreto e argamassa

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Masonry is a construction system that has been used since the beginning of civilization and is still used throughout the world. The finite element method is a recent development that allows complex problems, including structural masonry problems, to be solved. A vast amount of literature exists on finite element modeling, using software such as ABAQUS, to represent experimental masonry models. Based on this established pattern, an experimental and analytical research program was designed and implemented. Thus, a set of tests was conducted to determine the compressive and tensile strengths of the masonry components, i.e., block, mortar, and grout. Bond wrench tests, diagonal tension tests, and horizontal joint shear tests were conducted to characterize the interface between the blocks and the mortar. A finite element model was then developed to represent the physical models and the general conclusion is that the finite element model was able to represent reasonably well the physical models.

Keywords:
masonry; concrete block; mortar; finite element analysis; block-mortar interface

IBRACON - Instituto Brasileiro do Concreto Instituto Brasileiro do Concreto (IBRACON), Av. Queiroz Filho, nº 1700 sala 407/408 Torre D, Villa Lobos Office Park, CEP 05319-000, São Paulo, SP - Brasil, Tel. (55 11) 3735-0202, Fax: (55 11) 3733-2190 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: arlene@ibracon.org.br

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Author	Scale	Strength (MPa)	S.D.	C.V.
^{Long et al. (2005}[31] Long, L., Hamid, A. A., Drysdale, R.G. (2005). Small-Scale Modelling of Concrete Masonry Using ½ - Scale Units: A Preliminary Study. 10th Canadian Masonry Symposium. Banff, Alberta. 2005)	1:2	24.4	2.8	11.4
^{Long et al. (2005}[31] Long, L., Hamid, A. A., Drysdale, R.G. (2005). Small-Scale Modelling of Concrete Masonry Using ½ - Scale Units: A Preliminary Study. 10th Canadian Masonry Symposium. Banff, Alberta. 2005)	1:1	29.2	1.6	5.4
^{Barbosa (2008}[13] Barbosa, C. S. (2008). Resistência e deformabilidade de blocos vazados de concreto, prismas e paredes e suas correlações com as propriedades mecânicas dos materiais constituintes. Tese (Doutorado). Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos. Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP. 262p.)	1:1	24.7	5.8	23.7
^{Hughes (2010}[24] Hughes, K. J. (2010). Behaviour of Reduced-Scale Reinforced Concrete Masonry Shear Walls and Components. Thesis. Macmaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canadá. 216p.)	1:3	54.8	2.6	4.7
^{Wierzbicki (2010}[50] Wierzbicki, J. C. (2010). Behavior of Reduced-Scale Fully Grouted Concrete Block Shear Walls. Dissertação (Mestrado). Macmaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 205p.	1:3	54.8	2.6	4.7
^{Kaaki (2013}[26] Kaaki, T. (2013). Behavior and Strength of Masonry Prisms Loaded in Compression. Thesis. Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canadá. 112p.)	1:3	19.2	1.2	6.2
^{Kaaki (2013}[26] Kaaki, T. (2013). Behavior and Strength of Masonry Prisms Loaded in Compression. Thesis. Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canadá. 112p.)	1:3	14.1	1.6	11.3
^{Banting and El-Dakhakhni (2014}[12] Banting, B., El-Dakhakhni, W. (2014). Seismic performance quantification of reinforced masonry structural walls with boundary elements. J. Struct. Eng., 140(5), 1-15.)	1:2	26.5	3.5	13.2
Bolhassani et al. (2015)	1:1	21.6	-	-
^{Knox et al. (2018}[28] Knox, C. L., Dizhur, D., Ingham, J. M. (2018). Experimental study on scale effects in clay brick masonry prisms and wall panels investigating compression and shear related properties. Construction and Building Materials. V163, p706-713.)	1:1	12.9	1.3	10.0
^{Knox et al. (2018}[28] Knox, C. L., Dizhur, D., Ingham, J. M. (2018). Experimental study on scale effects in clay brick masonry prisms and wall panels investigating compression and shear related properties. Construction and Building Materials. V163, p706-713.)	1:2	16.9	4.9	28.0
Alotaibi and Galal (2018)	1:2	21.73	2.0	9.4
Average	-	24.2	-	-
This work	1:2	18.4	13.3	8.8

Author	Strength (MPa)	S.D.	C.V.
^{Long et al. (2005}[31] Long, L., Hamid, A. A., Drysdale, R.G. (2005). Small-Scale Modelling of Concrete Masonry Using ½ - Scale Units: A Preliminary Study. 10th Canadian Masonry Symposium. Banff, Alberta. 2005)	24.4	2.7	11.4
Banting and El-Dakhakhni (2014)	26.5	3.4	13.2
^{Knox et al. (2018}[28] Knox, C. L., Dizhur, D., Ingham, J. M. (2018). Experimental study on scale effects in clay brick masonry prisms and wall panels investigating compression and shear related properties. Construction and Building Materials. V163, p706-713.)	16.9	4.9	28.0
^{Alotaibi and Galal (2018}[5] Alotaibi, K. S., Galal, K. (2018). Experimental study of CFRP confined reinforced concrete masonry columns tested under concentric and eccentric loading. Elsevier Journal of Composites Part B: Engineering, 155:257-271.)	21.73	2.0	9.4
Average	22.4	-	-
This work	18.4	13.3	8.8
This work/average	0.82	-	-

Author	Strength (MPa)	S.D.	C.V.
^{Long et al. (2005}[31] Long, L., Hamid, A. A., Drysdale, R.G. (2005). Small-Scale Modelling of Concrete Masonry Using ½ - Scale Units: A Preliminary Study. 10th Canadian Masonry Symposium. Banff, Alberta. 2005)	29.2	1.57	5.4
^{Barbosa (2008}[13] Barbosa, C. S. (2008). Resistência e deformabilidade de blocos vazados de concreto, prismas e paredes e suas correlações com as propriedades mecânicas dos materiais constituintes. Tese (Doutorado). Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos. Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP. 262p.)	24.7	5.84	23.6
^{Bolhassani et al. (2015}[18] Bolhassani, M., Hamid, A. A., Lau, A. C. W., Moon, F. (2015). Simplified micro modeling of partially grouted masonry assemblages. Construction and Building Materials. v83. p159-173.)	21.6	-	-
^{Knox et al. (2018}[28] Knox, C. L., Dizhur, D., Ingham, J. M. (2018). Experimental study on scale effects in clay brick masonry prisms and wall panels investigating compression and shear related properties. Construction and Building Materials. V163, p706-713.)	12.9	1.3	10.0
Average	22.1	-	-
This work	18.4	13.3	8.8
This work/average	0.83	-	-

Author	μ = tan ϕ	ϕ (rad)	τ₀ (MPa)
^{Lourenço et al. (2004}[33] Lourenço, P. B, Barros, J. A. O., Oliveira, J. T. (2004). Shear testing of stack bonded masonry, Construction and Building Materials. V18(2):125-132.)	1.03	0.8	1.39
^{Almeida et al. (2016}[4] Almeida, J. A. P. P., Bordigoni, D., Pereira, E. B., Barros, J. A. O., Aprile, A. (2016). Assessment of the properties to characterise the interface between clay brick substrate and strengthening mortar. Construction and Building Materials. v103. p47-66.)	1.15	0.855	-
^{Abdou et al. (2006}[1] Abdou, L., Ami Saada, R., Meftah, F., Mebarki, A. (2006). Experimental investigations of the joint-mortar behaviour. Mechanics Research Communications. V33. 370-384.)	1.05	0.81	1.27
Lizárraga and Perez-Gavillan (2017)	1.05	0.81	0.55
Lizárraga and Perez-Gavillan (2017)	1.2	0.87	0.46
^{Bolhassani (2015}[18] Bolhassani, M., Hamid, A. A., Lau, A. C. W., Moon, F. (2015). Simplified micro modeling of partially grouted masonry assemblages. Construction and Building Materials. v83. p159-173.)	0.99	0.78	-
Average	1.07	0.82	0.91
^{Pasquantonio et al. (2018}[41] Pasquantonio, R. D., Fonseca, F. S., Shrive, N. G., Parsekian, G. A. (2018). Caracterização De Alvenaria De Blocos De Concreto De Escala Reduzida. In: 60º Congresso Brasileiro Do Concreto, Foz Do Iguaçu. Anais do 60º Congresso Brasileiro Do Concreto. São Paulo: Ibracon. V. 1. P. 1-12.)	0.61	0.55	0.37
^{Pasquantonio et al. (2018}[41] Pasquantonio, R. D., Fonseca, F. S., Shrive, N. G., Parsekian, G. A. (2018). Caracterização De Alvenaria De Blocos De Concreto De Escala Reduzida. In: 60º Congresso Brasileiro Do Concreto, Foz Do Iguaçu. Anais do 60º Congresso Brasileiro Do Concreto. São Paulo: Ibracon. V. 1. P. 1-12.)/average	0.56	0.67	0.40

Group	Quantity	Dimension	Scale 1:1	Model
Loading	Concentrated load	F	S_oS_L ²	S_L ²
Loading	Bending moment	FL	S_oS_L ³	S_L ³
Geometry	Dimension	L	S_L	S_L
	Displacement	L	S_L	S_L
	Area	L²	S_L ²	S_L ²
	Volume	L³	S_L ³	S_L ³
Material property	Block compressive strength	FL^-2	S_o	1
	Block deformation	1	1	1
	Modulus of elasticity	F^L-2	S_o	1
	Poisson’s ratio	1	1	1
	Stiffness	FL^-1	S_oS_L	S_L

f_pi	0.2	0.6	1.0
K_s,m	0.36	0.42	0.58
S.D.	0.09	0.17	0.18
C.V.(%)	24.5	40.5	31.0

Author	K_ss = K_tt (MPa/mm)	K_nn (MPa/mm)
^{Vandoren et al. (2013}[48] Vandoren, B., Proft, K., Simone, A., Sluys, L. J. (2013). Mesoscopic modelling of masonry using weak and strong discontinuities. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. V255. p167-182.)	124	222
^{Nasiri and Liu (2017}[38] Nasiri, E., Liu, Y. (2017). Development of a detailed 3D FE model for analysis of the in-plane behaviour of masonry infilled concrete frames. Engineering Structures. v143. p603-616.)	320	1,011
^{Lourenço et al. (2004}[33] Lourenço, P. B, Barros, J. A. O., Oliveira, J. T. (2004). Shear testing of stack bonded masonry, Construction and Building Materials. V18(2):125-132.)	99	222
^{Lizárraga and Perez-Gavilan (2017}[30] Lizárraga, J. F. and Pérez-Gavilán, J. J. (2017). Parameter estimation for nonlinear analysis of multi-perforated concrete masonry walls. Construction and Building Materials, 141, 353-365.)	103	153
^{Lizárraga and Perez-Gavilan (2017}[30] Lizárraga, J. F. and Pérez-Gavilán, J. J. (2017). Parameter estimation for nonlinear analysis of multi-perforated concrete masonry walls. Construction and Building Materials, 141, 353-365.)	85	143
^{Massart et al. (2004}[36] Massart, T. J., Peerlings, R. H. J., Geers, M. G. D. (2004). Mesoscopic modeling of failure and damage-induced anisotropy in brick masonry. European Journal of Mechanics A/Solids. v23.)	191	351
^{Abdulla et al. (2017}[2] Abdulla, K. F., Cunningham, L. S., Gillie, M. (2017). Simulating masonry wall behaviour using a simplified micro-model approach. Engineering Structures, 151, 349-365.)	46	82
^{Abdulla et al. (2017}[2] Abdulla, K. F., Cunningham, L. S., Gillie, M. (2017). Simulating masonry wall behaviour using a simplified micro-model approach. Engineering Structures, 151, 349-365.)	62	110
^{Abdulla et al. (2017}[2] Abdulla, K. F., Cunningham, L. S., Gillie, M. (2017). Simulating masonry wall behaviour using a simplified micro-model approach. Engineering Structures, 151, 349-365.b)	27	62
Average	117	262
This work	118	197
This work/average	101	75

Author	Strength (MPa)	C.V.	Observations
^{Thamboo et al. (2013}[47] Thamboo, J. A., Dhanasekar, M., Yan, C. (2013). Flexural and Shear Bond Characteristics of Thin Layer Polymer Cement Mortared Concrete Masonry. Construction and Building Materials. V46, p104-113.)	0.42	Not given	Mortar with fiber and concrete blocks
^{Pavía and Hanley (2010}[42] Pavía, S., Hanley, R. (2010). Flexural bond strength of natural hydraulic lime mortar and clay brick. Materials and Structures;43:913-922.)	0.27	32.6	Lime mortar and ceramic blocks
	0.19	24.6
	0.32	33.9
^{Barr et al. (2015}[16] Barr, S., McCarter, W. J., Suryanto, B. (2015). Bond-strength performance of hydraulic lime and natural cement mortared sandstone masonry. Construction and Building Materials. V84, p128-135.)	0.11	7.9	Lime mortar. Testing right after construction of the specimens
	0.23	2.4
	0.33	2.9
^{Barr et al. (2015}[16] Barr, S., McCarter, W. J., Suryanto, B. (2015). Bond-strength performance of hydraulic lime and natural cement mortared sandstone masonry. Construction and Building Materials. V84, p128-135.)	0.08	3.8	Lime mortar. Testing 1 minute after construction of the specimen
	0.19	2.7
	0.31	1.7
^{Barr et al. (2015}[16] Barr, S., McCarter, W. J., Suryanto, B. (2015). Bond-strength performance of hydraulic lime and natural cement mortared sandstone masonry. Construction and Building Materials. V84, p128-135.)	0.07	19.4	Lime mortar. Testing 15 minute after construction of the specimen
	0.18	9
	0.25	4.8
^{Khalaf (2005}[27] Khalaf, F. M. (2005). New test for determination of masonry tensile bond strength. Journal of materials in civil engineering, 17(6), 725-732.)	0.12	14	-
	0.15	15
	0.18	17
^{Shabdin et al. (2018}[45] Shabdin, M., Zargaran, M., Attari, N. K. (2018). Experimental diagonal tension (shear) test of Un-Reinforced Masonry (URM) walls strengthened with textile reinforced mortar (TRM). Construction and Building Materials, 164, 704-715.)	0.1	39	Ceramic blocks
Average	0.21	-	-
This work	0.08	29.4	-
This work/average	38.9	-	-