Figure 1
Reinforced concrete tensile member with crack formation and corresponding stress distribution
[1]1 Y. Goto, "Cracks formed in concrete around deformed tension bars," ACI-Journal, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 244–251, 1971.,
[2]2 M. Keuser and G. Mehlhorn, "Finite element models for bond problems," J. Struct. Eng., vol. 113, no. 10, pp. 2160–2173, Oct. 1987, http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1987)113:10(2160).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-944...
Figure 2
Discrete reinforcement model
Figure 3
Embedded reinforcement model
Figure 4
Bond (a) Rigid. (b) Flexible. (Adapted from Häussler-Combe [9]9 U. Häussler-Combe, Computational Methods for Reinforced Concrete Structures, Germany: Ernst & Sohn, 2015.).
Figure 5
Bond-link element (Adapted from Keuser and Mehlhorn
[2]2 M. Keuser and G. Mehlhorn, "Finite element models for bond problems," J. Struct. Eng., vol. 113, no. 10, pp. 2160–2173, Oct. 1987, http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1987)113:10(2160).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-944...
)
Figure 6
Schematic representation of bond simulation using contact elements.
Figure 7
Bond stress-slip law proposed by Eligehausen et al. [30]30 R. Eligehausen, E. Popov, and V. Bertero, Local Bond Stress Slip Relationship of Deformed Bars Under Generalized Excitations, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, report to the National Science Foundation, University of California, Berkeley, 1983..
Figure 8
Quarter ring problem with one curved reinforcing layer: (a) geometry; (b) mesh for the discrete reinforcement model; (c) mesh for the embedded reinforcement model.
Figure 9
Quarter ring problem with one curved discrete reinforcing layer: Geometry module.
Figure 10
Quarter ring problem with one curved discrete reinforcing layer: Mesh module
Figure 11
Quarter ring problem with one curved discrete reinforcing layer: Attributes module
Figure 12
Options for the creation of the reinforcing layer available in the system
Figure 13
“Create Steel Reinforcing Bars” dialog
Figure 14
“Material” dialog
Figure 15
“Material” dialog: definition of the parameters for bond-link elements
Figure 16
“Material” dialog: definition of the parameters for contact elements
Figure 17
Quarter ring problem with one curved discrete reinforcing layer: Post-processor module
Figure 18
“Material” dialog: definition of the parameters for the embedded reinforcing model.
Figure 19
Quarter ring problem with one curved discrete reinforcing layer: steel stress
Figure 20
Post-processor module: steel stress for the embedded model
Figure 9
Quarter ring problem with one curved discrete reinforcing layer: Geometry module.
Figure 10
Quarter ring problem with one curved discrete reinforcing layer: Mesh module
Figure 11
Quarter ring problem with one curved discrete reinforcing layer: Attributes module
Figure 12
Options for the creation of the reinforcing layer available in the system
Figure 13
“Create Steel Reinforcing Bars” dialog
Figure 14
“Material” dialog
Figure 15
“Material” dialog: definition of the parameters for bond-link elements
Figure 16
“Material” dialog: definition of the parameters for contact elements
Figure 17
Quarter ring problem with one curved discrete reinforcing layer: Post-processor module
Figure 18
“Material” dialog: definition of the parameters for the embedded reinforcing model.
Figure 19
Quarter ring problem with one curved discrete reinforcing layer: steel stress
Figure 20
Post-processor module: steel stress for the embedded model
Figure 21
Reinforced concrete beam – Mazars and Pijaudier-Cabot [32]32 J. Mazars and G. Pijaudier-Cabot, "Continuum damage theory – application to concrete," J. Eng. Mech., vol. 115, no. 2, pp. 345–365, 1989.: model and mesh
Figure 22
Reinforced concrete beam – Mazars and Pijaudier-Cabot [32]32 J. Mazars and G. Pijaudier-Cabot, "Continuum damage theory – application to concrete," J. Eng. Mech., vol. 115, no. 2, pp. 345–365, 1989.: deflection versus load.
Figure 23
Reinforced concrete beam – Mazars and Pijaudier-Cabot [32]32 J. Mazars and G. Pijaudier-Cabot, "Continuum damage theory – application to concrete," J. Eng. Mech., vol. 115, no. 2, pp. 345–365, 1989.: visualization of damage (a) and bond stress (b) (MPa) in the post-processor module.
Figure 24
Reinforced concrete beam – Álvares [35]35 M. S. Álvares, “Estudo de um modelo de dano para o concreto: formulação, identificação paramétrica e aplicação com o emprego do método dos elementos finitos”, Master thesis, Univ. São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil, 1993.: model and mesh
Figure 25
Reinforced concrete beam – Álvares [35]35 M. S. Álvares, “Estudo de um modelo de dano para o concreto: formulação, identificação paramétrica e aplicação com o emprego do método dos elementos finitos”, Master thesis, Univ. São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil, 1993.: deflection versus load
Figure 26
Reinforced concrete beam – Álvares [35]35 M. S. Álvares, “Estudo de um modelo de dano para o concreto: formulação, identificação paramétrica e aplicação com o emprego do método dos elementos finitos”, Master thesis, Univ. São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil, 1993.: visualization of the damage (a) and the reinforcement stress (b) in the post-processor module.