[33 G. Ye, "Carbon dioxide uptake by concrete through early-age curing", MSc dissertation, Dept. Civil Eng. Applied Mech., McGill Univ., Montreal, Canada, 2003.] |
Cubes (100×100mm) dry concrete |
no initial cure |
2 |
100 |
0.5 |
environment |
------- |
7.0 - 8.0 |
˃ 40 MPa after 2hs of carbonation |
[1616 Y. Shao, S. Monkman, and E. S. Yuan, "Market analysis of CO2 sequestration in concrete building products", in Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Sustain. Constr. Mater. Tech., Italy, Ancona, 28-30 June, 2010.] |
Concrete masonry units and concrete units for pavement (w/c=0,25) |
no initial cure |
2 |
100 |
0.5 |
45-95 |
------- |
9.8 |
10.3 MPa after 2 hours of carbonation ~ 50% increase compared to the reference at 28 days) |
[1616 Y. Shao, S. Monkman, and E. S. Yuan, "Market analysis of CO2 sequestration in concrete building products", in Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Sustain. Constr. Mater. Tech., Italy, Ancona, 28-30 June, 2010.] |
Cement bead board comprised cement paste and expanded polyethylene beads (w/c=0,36) |
no initial cure |
2 |
100 |
0.5 |
45-95 |
------- |
12.2 |
7.8 MPa after 2 hours of carbonation, same value was obtained for reference boards at 28 days |
[44 Shao, Y., Zhou, X. and Monkman, S., A new CO2 sequestration process via concrete products production’, in IEEE EIC Climate Change Technology, Ottawa, ON, Canada, 10-12 May, 2006.] |
Concrete masonry units |
no initial cure |
2 |
100 |
0.15 |
environment |
------- |
8.2 - 10.6 |
Increase of compressive strength of 78% in relation to the reference |
[55 Y. Shao, and X. Lin, "Early-age carbonation curing of concrete using recovered CO2", Concr. Int., v. 33, pp. 50-56, 2011.] |
Concrete units for pavement (10x20x64mm) (w/c=0,4) |
2 - 19 wet curing |
4 - 5 |
99,5 |
0.15 |
56 |
65 |
3.4 -7.4 |
Tests done after 24 hours of production: 31MPa (after 4hs of carbonation) and 46 MPa (after 5hs of carbonation) |
[55 Y. Shao, and X. Lin, "Early-age carbonation curing of concrete using recovered CO2", Concr. Int., v. 33, pp. 50-56, 2011.] |
Zero slump concrete samples (127×76×20 mm) |
no initial cure |
2 |
99,5 |
0.15 |
40 - 56 |
65 |
11.7 |
9.6 MPa (after 2hs of carbonation) ~ 60% increase compared to the reference at 28 days) |
[1717 V. Rostami, Y. Shao, and A.J. Boyd, "Microstructure of cement paste subject to early carbonation curing," Cem. Concr. Res., vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 186-193, 2012.] |
Cement paste, (14×14×6mm) (w/c = 0.36) |
18 wet curing |
2 |
99,5 |
0.15 |
environment |
------- |
8.9 |
76.8 MPa without water spray and 123,7 MPa with water spray after carbonation |
[1818 Boyd, A. J., Rostami, V. and Shao, Y., "Carbonation curing versus steam curing for precast concrete production", J. Mater. Civ. Eng., vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 1221-1229, 2012.] |
Zero slump concrete samples w/c = 0,36 |
18 air curing |
2 |
100 |
0.15 |
25 |
------- |
6.9 - 7.3 |
28.8 MPa without water spray and 38.9 MPa with water spray after carbonation |
[1919 H. El-Hassan, Y. Shao, and Z. Ghouleh, "Effect of initial curing on carbonation of lightweight concrete masonry units", ACI Mater. J., vol. 110, no. 4, pp. 441-450, 2013.] |
Concrete masonry unit w/c=0,40 |
0, 4, 6, 8, 18 air curing |
2, 4, 96 |
100 |
0.01 |
25 |
50 |
9.0 - 35.0 |
Compressive strength with water spray after carbonation comparable to non-carbonated ones with thermal curing |
[2020 B. Zhan, C. Poon, and C. Shi, "CO2 curing for improving the properties of concrete blocks containing recycled aggregates," Cement Concr. Compos., vol. 42, pp. 1-8, 2013.] |
Concrete masonry units with recycled aggregates |
no initial cure |
6, 12, 24 |
100 |
0.01 |
-------- |
------- |
22.49- 43.96 |
Compressive strength gains ranging from 108% to 151% within 24 hours of carbonation |
[2121 El-Hassan, H. and Shao, Y., "Early carbonation curing of concrete masonry units with Portland limestone cement", Cem & Concr. Compos., vol. 62, pp. 168-177, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.07.004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.201...
] |
Concrete masonry unit with blast furnace slag produced in manual factory (127×76×38 mm) |
0, 4, 6, 8, 18 thermal curing |
2, 4, 96 |
100 |
0.1 |
25 |
50 |
8.3 - 35.1 |
Compressive strength with water spray after carbonation comparable to non-carbonated ones with thermal curing |
[2222 D. MacMaster, and O. Tavares, "Carbon sequestration of concrete masonry units," ACI Mater. J., vol. 112, no. 6, pp. 775-780, 2015.] |
Concrete Masonry Units |
not executed |
2 |
100 |
1.39 |
30 |
50 |
8.62 |
After 2 hours, net compressive strength of 35.72MPa carbonated Concrete masonry units and 10.14MPa steam cured concrete Masonry Units |
[1515 L. R. Fortunato, G. A. Parsekian, and A. Neves Jr., "CO2 capture of concrete units for pavement through accelerated carbonation cure", Int. J. Mason. Res. Innov., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 233-265, 2022.] |
Concrete unit for pavement (100×200×60 mm) |
12 hours outdoor cure and 12 hours initial steam cure |
4 and 16 |
20 |
0,1 |
23 |
65 |
1.5% - 5.1% |
At 02 days, the compressive strength of the carbonated pieces was superior to the reference and at 28 days too |