Arnetz, Arnetz3535. Arnetz JE, Arnetz BB. Implementation and evaluation of a practical intervention programme for dealing with violence towards health care workers. J Adv Nurs. 2000;31(3):668-80. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01322.x https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000...
2000 |
Quasi-randomized |
EDs‡, geriatric, psychiatric and home care (n=47) |
Individual skills (structured program, feedback groups) (n=24) |
None (n=23) |
The program did not reveal any statistically significant difference in self-reported WPV§. |
Gates, Fitzwater, Succop3636. Gates D, Fitzwater E, Succop, P. Reducing assaults against nursing home caregivers. Nurs Res. 2005 Mar-Apr;54(2):119-27. doi: 10.1097/00006199-200503000-00006 https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-2005030...
2005 |
Quasi-randomized |
Professionals (n=138) |
Individual skills (lectures, discussions with videos, demonstrations and problem-solving) (n= 53) |
None (n=49) |
The intervention did not exert any significant effect on the incidence of aggressions. |
Anderson3737. Anderson C. Training efforts to reduce reports of workplace violence in a community health care facility. J Prof Nurs. 2006 Sep-Oct;22(5):289-95. doi: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2006.07.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2006....
2006 |
Quasi-randomized |
Professionals (n=43) |
Individual skills (online training containing risk assessment, assertiveness techniques, and ethical and legal questions) (n=22) |
None (n=21) |
Only verbal abuse was statistically significant between the IG* (intervention concluded in 30 days) and the CG†, with a decline in the number of events. |
Casteel, et al.3838. Casteel C, Peek-Asa C, Nocera M, Smith JB, Blando J, Goldmacher S, et al. Hospital employee assault rates before and after enactment of the California Hospital safety and security act. Ann Epidemiol. 2009 Feb;19(2):125-33. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.10.009 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2008...
2009 |
Quasi-randomized |
EDs‡ (n=166) |
Governmental (California State Law for Safety Protection) (n=116) |
Governmental (only OSHA|| guidelines) (n=50) |
The policy (state law) can be an effective method to improve health professionals’ safety. |
Kling, et al.3939. Kling RN, Yassi A, Smailes E, Lovato CY, Koehoorn M. Evaluation of a violence risk assessment system (the Alert System) for reducing violence in an acute hospital: a before and after study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2011 May;48(5):534-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.10.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010....
2011 |
Quasi-randomized |
High-risk patients (n=473) |
Multiple approach (Training of an electronic patient alert system, containing risk assessment and courses of action after signaling those at risk of WPV§, such as nearby security guards) (n=109) |
None (n=634) |
The Alert System did not prevent WPV§ incidents by the patients after being signaled, as the rates only decreased during the implementation period for this system. |
Irvine, et al.4040. Irvine B, Billow MB, Gates DM, Fitzwater EL, Seeley JR, Bourgeois M. An internet training to reduce assaults in long-term care. Geriatr Nurs. 2021 Jan;33(1):28-40. doi: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2011.10.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2011...
2012 |
Cluster RCT ¶
|
Long-term care institution (n=6) |
Individual skills (immediate training containing programs and courses through videos and demonstrations) (n=3) |
Individual skills (delayed training containing programs and courses through videos and demonstrations) (n=3) |
Training through the Internet was an effective tool to reduce the WPV§ rates, and the effects of training can improve with time. |
Gillespie, et al.4141. Gillespie GL, Gates DM, Kowalenko T, Bresler S, Succop P. Implementation of a comprehensive intervention to reduce physical assaults and threats in the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 2014 Mar;40(6):586-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2014.01.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2014.01.00...
2014 |
Quasi-randomized |
EDs‡ (n=6) |
Multiple approach (meetings with feedback and environmental and organizational changes) (n=3) |
None (n=3) |
Two IG* loci presented a significant reduction in WPV§. |
Glass, et al.4242. Glass N, Hanson GC, Anger WK, Laharnar N, Campbell JC, Weinstein M, et al. Computer-based training (CBT) intervention reduces workplace violence and harassment for homecare workers. Am J Ind Med. 2017 July;60(7):635-43. doi: 10.1002/ajim.22728 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22728...
2017 |
RCT¶
|
Professionals (n=306) |
Individual skills (computer-based training without peer facilitation - definition and prevalence of WPV§, assertiveness techniques) (n=154) |
Individual skills (computer-based training with peer facilitation) (n=52) |
Computer-based training with or without peer facilitation was able to reduce the number of WPV§ incidents. |
Arnetz, et al.4343. Arnetz JE, Hamblin L, Russell J, Upfal MJ, Luborsky M, Janisse J, et al. Preventing Patient-to-Worker Violence in Hospitals: Outcome of a Randomized Controlled Intervention. J Occup Environ Med. 2017 Jan;59(1):18-27. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000909 https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.000000000000...
2017 |
Cluster RCT ¶
|
EDs‡‡ and psychiatrics, among others (n=36) |
Multiple approach (participant action-research with individual, environmental and organizational aspects) (n=19) |
None (n=17) |
The data-based intervention was effective and significant in reducing the WPV§ risks and related injuries. |
Sadatmahaleh, et al.4444. Sadatmahaleh MM, Khoshknab MF, Rahguy A, Arsalani N, Biglarian A. Effect of Workplace Violence Management Program on the Incidence. Adv Nurs Midwifery [Internet]. 2018 Oct 2 [cited 2021 Nov 3];28(1):27-3. Available from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/en-jnm/article/view/18027 https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/en-jnm/artic...
2018 |
Quasi-randomized |
Professionals (n=48) |
Multiple approach (WPV§ management program through workshops, group discussions and lectures) (n=24) |
None (n=24) |
WPV§ frequency was reduced in the IG*, although the reduction was not statistically significant between the groups. |
Baby, Gale, Swain4545. Baby M, Gale C, Swain N. Communication skills intervention to minimise patient perpetrated aggression for healthcare support workers in New Zealand: A cluster randomised controlled trial. Health Soc Care Community. 2019 Jan;27(1):170-81. doi: 10.1111/hsc.12636 https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12636...
2019 |
Cluster RCT ¶
|
Professionals (n=127) |
Individual skills (group training for communication skills, realistic situations about WPV§) (n=64) |
Individual skills (group training addressing mindfulness techniques) (n=63) |
The effect between the IG* and the CG† did not present any statistically significant difference. |