Psychometric properties of the Work Limitations Questionnaire applied to nursing workers

Oliveira, Samuel Andrade de; Campos, Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini; Marôco, João; Marziale, Maria Helena Palucci; Rocha, Fernanda Ludmilla Rossi

doi:10.1590/1518-8345.4771.3466

Samuel Andrade de Oliveira

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.

Scholarship holder at the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7486-0818

Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos

Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7123-5585

João Marôco

Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, Lisboa, PT, Portugal.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9214-5378

Maria Helena Palucci Marziale

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-3333

Fernanda Ludmilla Rossi Rocha

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0911-3728

*
Paper extracted from master’s thesis “Psychometric validity of the adapted version for Brazil of the Work Limitations Questionnaire for evaluation of presenteeism in a sample of nursing workers”, presented to Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) - Finance Code 001, Brazil.

Authors’ contribution:

Study concept and design: Samuel Andrade de Oliveira, Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos, João Marôco, Maria Helena Palucci Marziale, Fernanda Ludmilla Rossi Rocha. Obtaining data: Samuel Andrade de Oliveira, Fernanda Ludmilla Rossi Rocha. Data analysis and interpretation: Samuel Andrade de Oliveira, Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos, João Marôco, Maria Helena Palucci Marziale, Fernanda Ludmilla Rossi Rocha. Statistical analysis: Samuel Andrade de Oliveira, Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos, João Marôco, Fernanda Ludmilla Rossi Rocha. Drafting the manuscript: Samuel Andrade de Oliveira, Maria Helena Palucci Marziale, Fernanda Ludmilla Rossi Rocha. Critical review of the manuscript as to its relevant intellectual content: Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos, João Marôco, Maria Helena Palucci Marziale, Fernanda Ludmilla Rossi Rocha.

All authors approved the final version of the text.

Conflict of interest: the authors have declared that there is no conflict of interest.

Associate Editor: Maria Lúcia Zanetti

Corresponding author: Samuel Andrade de Oliveira E-mail: enf.samuelandrade@gmail.com

WLQ^* * WLQ = Work Limitations Questionnaire;†WLQ Domain = WLQ Scale Score;‡WLQ Index = WLQ Index;§WLQ Productivity= WLQ At-Work Productivity Loss Index;\|\|TM = Time management;¶PD = Physical demands; **MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands;††OD = Output Demands	WLQ Domain ^† * WLQ = Work Limitations Questionnaire;†WLQ Domain = WLQ Scale Score;‡WLQ Index = WLQ Index;§WLQ Productivity= WLQ At-Work Productivity Loss Index;\|\|TM = Time management;¶PD = Physical demands; **MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands;††OD = Output Demands	WLQ Index ^‡ * WLQ = Work Limitations Questionnaire;†WLQ Domain = WLQ Scale Score;‡WLQ Index = WLQ Index;§WLQ Productivity= WLQ At-Work Productivity Loss Index;\|\|TM = Time management;¶PD = Physical demands; **MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands;††OD = Output Demands	WLQ Productivity ^§ * WLQ = Work Limitations Questionnaire;†WLQ Domain = WLQ Scale Score;‡WLQ Index = WLQ Index;§WLQ Productivity= WLQ At-Work Productivity Loss Index;\|\|TM = Time management;¶PD = Physical demands; **MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands;††OD = Output Demands
TM^\|\| * WLQ = Work Limitations Questionnaire;†WLQ Domain = WLQ Scale Score;‡WLQ Index = WLQ Index;§WLQ Productivity= WLQ At-Work Productivity Loss Index;\|\|TM = Time management;¶PD = Physical demands; **MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands;††OD = Output Demands	78.08
PD^¶ * WLQ = Work Limitations Questionnaire;†WLQ Domain = WLQ Scale Score;‡WLQ Index = WLQ Index;§WLQ Productivity= WLQ At-Work Productivity Loss Index;\|\|TM = Time management;¶PD = Physical demands; **MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands;††OD = Output Demands	40.28	0.20	19.51%
MID^** * WLQ = Work Limitations Questionnaire;†WLQ Domain = WLQ Scale Score;‡WLQ Index = WLQ Index;§WLQ Productivity= WLQ At-Work Productivity Loss Index;\|\|TM = Time management;¶PD = Physical demands; **MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands;††OD = Output Demands	80.90
OD^†† * WLQ = Work Limitations Questionnaire;†WLQ Domain = WLQ Scale Score;‡WLQ Index = WLQ Index;§WLQ Productivity= WLQ At-Work Productivity Loss Index;\|\|TM = Time management;¶PD = Physical demands; **MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands;††OD = Output Demands	82.83

Variable	WLQ Dimensions^¶ *TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands; \|\|Welch’s Correction; ¶WLQ = Work Limitations Questionnaire
Variable	^\|\|TM^* *TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands; \|\|Welch’s Correction; ¶WLQ = Work Limitations Questionnaire	^\|\|PD^† *TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands; \|\|Welch’s Correction; ¶WLQ = Work Limitations Questionnaire	^\|\|MID^‡ *TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands; \|\|Welch’s Correction; ¶WLQ = Work Limitations Questionnaire	^\|\|OD^§ *TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands; \|\|Welch’s Correction; ¶WLQ = Work Limitations Questionnaire
Gender	(mean ± standard deviation)
Male (n=35)	3.33 ± 0.96	2.82 ± 1.14	4.46 ± 0.69	4.38 ± 0.69
Female (n=269)	3.32 ± 0.86	2.83 ± 1.12	4.27 ± 0.72	4.29 ± 0.71
Total (n=304)	3.32 ± 0.87	2.83 ± 1.12	4.30 ± 0.72	4.30 ± 0.71
F	0.00	0.00	2.05	0.43
P	0.95	0.95	0.15	0.51
Position
Nurse (n=65)	3.34 ± 0.84	2.90 ± 1.12	4.47 ± 0.63	4.36 ± 0.67
Technician (n=166)	3.25 ± 0.86	2.71 ± 1.06	4.28 ± 0.74	4.33 ± 0.72
Assistant (n=73)	3.47 ± 0.89	3.05 ± 1.21	4.17 ± 0.70	4.18 ± 0.71
Total (n=304)	3.32 ± 0.87	2.83 ± 1.12	4.30 ± 0.72	4.30 ± 0.71
F	1.57	2.66	3.10	1.54
P	0.21	0.07	0.05	0.22

Variable	Time	Workload	TM^* TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	PD ^† TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	MID ^‡ TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	OD ^§ TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level
^\|\|Time	1
Workload	-0.19^** TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	1
TM*	-0.06	-0.18^** TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	1
PD^† TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	-0.08	-0.17^** TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	0.80^** TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	1
MID^‡ TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	0.17^** TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	-.006	0.35^** TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	0.13^¶ TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	1
OD^§ TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	0.15^** TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	-0.04	0.32^** TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	0.01	0.79^** TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	1

[1] *
Paper extracted from master’s thesis “Psychometric validity of the adapted version for Brazil of the Work Limitations Questionnaire for evaluation of presenteeism in a sample of nursing workers”, presented to Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) - Finance Code 001, Brazil.

WLQ^* * WLQ = Work Limitations Questionnaire;†WLQ Domain = WLQ Scale Score;‡WLQ Index = WLQ Index;§WLQ Productivity= WLQ At-Work Productivity Loss Index;\|\|TM = Time management;¶PD = Physical demands; **MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands;††OD = Output Demands	WLQ Domain ^† * WLQ = Work Limitations Questionnaire;†WLQ Domain = WLQ Scale Score;‡WLQ Index = WLQ Index;§WLQ Productivity= WLQ At-Work Productivity Loss Index;\|\|TM = Time management;¶PD = Physical demands; **MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands;††OD = Output Demands	WLQ Index ^‡ * WLQ = Work Limitations Questionnaire;†WLQ Domain = WLQ Scale Score;‡WLQ Index = WLQ Index;§WLQ Productivity= WLQ At-Work Productivity Loss Index;\|\|TM = Time management;¶PD = Physical demands; **MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands;††OD = Output Demands	WLQ Productivity ^§ * WLQ = Work Limitations Questionnaire;†WLQ Domain = WLQ Scale Score;‡WLQ Index = WLQ Index;§WLQ Productivity= WLQ At-Work Productivity Loss Index;\|\|TM = Time management;¶PD = Physical demands; **MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands;††OD = Output Demands
TM^\|\| * WLQ = Work Limitations Questionnaire;†WLQ Domain = WLQ Scale Score;‡WLQ Index = WLQ Index;§WLQ Productivity= WLQ At-Work Productivity Loss Index;\|\|TM = Time management;¶PD = Physical demands; **MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands;††OD = Output Demands	78.08
PD^¶ * WLQ = Work Limitations Questionnaire;†WLQ Domain = WLQ Scale Score;‡WLQ Index = WLQ Index;§WLQ Productivity= WLQ At-Work Productivity Loss Index;\|\|TM = Time management;¶PD = Physical demands; **MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands;††OD = Output Demands	40.28	0.20	19.51%
MID^** * WLQ = Work Limitations Questionnaire;†WLQ Domain = WLQ Scale Score;‡WLQ Index = WLQ Index;§WLQ Productivity= WLQ At-Work Productivity Loss Index;\|\|TM = Time management;¶PD = Physical demands; **MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands;††OD = Output Demands	80.90
OD^†† * WLQ = Work Limitations Questionnaire;†WLQ Domain = WLQ Scale Score;‡WLQ Index = WLQ Index;§WLQ Productivity= WLQ At-Work Productivity Loss Index;\|\|TM = Time management;¶PD = Physical demands; **MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands;††OD = Output Demands	82.83

Variable	Time	Workload	TM^* TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	PD ^† TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	MID ^‡ TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	OD ^§ TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level
^\|\|Time	1
Workload	-0.19^** TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	1
TM*	-0.06	-0.18^** TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	1
PD^† TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	-0.08	-0.17^** TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	0.80^** TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	1
MID^‡ TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	0.17^** TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	-.006	0.35^** TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	0.13^¶ TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	1
OD^§ TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	0.15^** TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	-0.04	0.32^** TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	0.01	0.79^** TM = Time Management; †PD = Physical Demands; ‡MID = Mental-Interpersonal Demands; §OD = Output Demands. \|\|Time = Working time in nursing; ¶The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; *The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level	1

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