Quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS: temporal, socio-demographic and perceived health relationship

Hipolito, Rodrigo Leite; Oliveira, Denize Cristina de; Costa, Tadeu Lessa da; Marques, Sergio Corrêa; Pereira, Eliane Ramos; Gomes, Antonio Marcos Tosoli

doi:10.1590/1518-8345.1258.2874

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Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem

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Original Article • Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem 25 • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.1258.2874 copy

Quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS: temporal, socio-demographic and perceived health relationship^¹ 1 Paper extracted from Doctoral Dissertation "Quality of life of people living with HIV/Aids in Rio das Ostras", presented to Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

to analyze the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS and its relationship with sociodemographic variables, health satisfaction and time since diagnosis.

Method:

quantitative, cross-sectional study with a sample of 100 HIV positive people monitored in a specialized service in southeastern Brazil. Sociodemographic and health forms were applied, followed by the WHOQOL-HIV BREF, a short form instrument validated to evaluate the quality of life. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed.

Results:

the perception of quality of life was intermediate in all quality of life domains. A relationship was identified between greater satisfaction with health and better quality of life, as well as statistically significant differences among the dimensions of quality of life according to gender, employment status, family income, personal income, religious beliefs and time since diagnosis.

Conclusions:

the time since the diagnosis of HIV infection enables reconfigurations in the perception of quality of life, while spirituality and social relationships can assist in coping with living with this disease.

Descriptors:
Quality of Life; Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Nursing

Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Universidade de São Paulo Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-902 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 (16) 3315-3451 / 3315-4407 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rlae@eerp.usp.br

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[1] Corresponding Author: Rodrigo Leite Hipolito Universidade Federal Fluminense. Escola de Enfermagem Aurora de Afonso Costa Rua Dr. Celestino, 74 Centro CEP: 24020-091, Niterói, RJ, Brasil E-mail: professorrlh@uol.com.br

Variables	n	%
Gender
Male	50	50.00
Female	50	50.00
Marital Status
Single	53	53.00
Married	34	34.00
With partner	7	7.00
Widowed	6	6.00
Age group
24 or less	16	16.00
25 to 34	26	26.00
35 to 44	29	29.00
45 to 54	19	19.00
55 or more	9	9.00
Did not answer	1	1.00
Number of children
None	28	28.00
1	23	23.00
2 to 3	35	35.00
4 to 5	12	12.00
More than 5	2	2.00
Time since HIV diagnosis (years)
4	68	68.00
5 to 8	17	17.00
9 to 12	8	8.00
13 to 16	4	4.00
17	3	3.00
Use of antiretroviral therapy
Yes	74	74.00
No	26	26.00
Length of antiretroviral therapy use (years)
4	52	52.00
5 to 8	11	11.00
9 to 12	7	7.00
13 to 16	4	4.00
Resident of the municipality
Yes	89	89.00
No	11	11.00
No. of people sharing residence
0	11	11.00
1 - 2	37	37.00
3 - 4	39	39.00
5 - 6	13	13.00
Group of people sharing residence
Family	82	82.00
Friends	3	3.00
Did not answer	4	4.00
Did not apply	11	11.00
Level of education
Incomplete elementary	14	14.00
Complete elementary	5	5.00
Incomplete high school	29	29.00
Complete high school	39	39.00
Incomplete higher	6	6.00
Complete higher	5	5.00
Postgraduate degree	2	2.00
Source of information
Health professionals	48	48.00
Books and magazines	30	30.00
Did not answer	13	13.00
Television	9	9.00
Employment status
Unemployed	39	39.00
Self-employed	30	30.00
Formal contract	25	25.00
Temporary contract	4	4.00
Public worker	2	2.00
Family income in dollars*
Less than 300	17	17.00
301 to 600	33	33.00
601 to 900	15	15.00
901 to 1200	8	8.00
1201 to 1500	10	10.00
Above 1500	10	10.00
Did not answer	7	7.00
Personal income in dollars*
Less than 300	20	20.00
301 to 600	30	30.00
601 to 900	13	13.00
901 to 1200	7	7.00
1201 to 1500	3	3.00
Above 1500	2	2.00
Did not answer	25	25.00
Total	100	100

	Degree of satisfaction with health					Total
	None	Very little	More or less	Very much	Extremely
Quality of life
Not at all	0	1	0	1	0	2
	0.0%	50.0%	0.0%	50.0%	0.0%	100.0%
A little	3	2	1	0	0	6
	50.0%	33.3%	16.7%	0.0%	0.0%	100.0%
A moderate amount	0	7	12	7	0	26
	0.0%	26.9%	46.2%	26.9%	0.0%	100.0%
Very much	1	6	14	25	5	51
	2.0%	11.8%	27.5%	49.0%	9.8%	100.0%
An extreme amount	1	0	2	6	6	15
	6.7%	0.0%	13.3%	40.0%	40.0%	100.0%
Total	5	16	29	39	11	100
	5.0%	16.0%	29.0%	39.0%	11.0%	100.0%

Domain	No. items	Mean	Standard Deviation	Coefficient of Variation	Minimum	Maximum
Spirituality/religion/personal beliefs	4	14.61	3.78	25.89 %	5.00	20.00
Social relationships	4	14.52	3.88	26.74 %	4.00	20.00
Psychological	5	14.00	3.25	23.19 %	4.80	20.00
Physical	4	13.85	3.60	25.99 %	5.00	20.00
Level of independence	4	13.77	3.21	23.31 %	6.00	19.00
Environment	8	13.29	2.34	17.59 %	6.50	19.00

Variables	Physical	Psychological	Level of independence	Social relationships	Environment	Spirituality Religion Beliefs
Gender
Male			14.51
Female			13.00
P-value*			0.0280^†
Employment status
Formal contract	15.66			16.80
Public worker	17.20			17.50
Temporary contract	13.53			14.07
Self-employed	13.12			13.40
Unemployed	12.60			13.50
P-value*	0.022^‡			0.005^‡
Family income^§
Less than $300.00		14.71			13.20
From $301 to 600		13.28			12.37
From $601 to 900		15.04			13.83
From $901 to 1200		16.40			15.31
From $1201 to 1500		13.28			13.61
From $1501 to 1800		16.53			16.00
Above $1800		13.82			14.33
P-value*		0.032^‡			0.011^‡
Personal income^§
Less than $300.00						15.22
From $301 to 600						13.80
From $601 to 900						13.69
From $901 to 1200						18.85
From $1201 to 1500						10.33
Above $1500						19.00
P-value*						0.012^‡
Religion/Spirituality
Catholic			14.64
Evangelical			13.11
Kardecist/Spiritist			16.75
Umbanda			13.50
Candomblé			9.75
Without religion			14.25
P-value*			0.032^‡
Time since diag. in years
Less than 4	14.41
From 5 to 8	11.29
From 9 to 12	14.12
From 13 to 16	13.75
More than 17	15.00
P-value*	0.052^‡