Connection between competence, usability, environment and risk of falls in elderly adults

Leiva-Caro, José Alex; Salazar-González, Bertha Cecilia; Gallegos-Cabriales, Esther Carlota; Gómez-Meza, Marco Vinicio; Hunter, Kathleen F.

doi:10.1590/0104-1169.0331.2659

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Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem

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Original Articles • Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem 23 (6) • Nov-Dec 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.0331.2659 copy

Connection between competence, usability, environment and risk of falls in elderly adults

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective:

to determine connections between competence, usability, environment and risk of falls in elderly adults.

Method:

correlational descriptive study, 123 elderly adults, both male and female, aged 70 years and older were included. Data was collected via the Tinetti Scale, CESD-7 Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Usability Questionnaire on Housing and Housing Enabler; and sociodemographic and health background certificate data. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were used, multivariate linear and logistic regression models were adjusted.

Results:

42.0% of the elderly adults had presented with falls, with a higher prevalence in women, and in the group of 70-75 years. The physical environment of the house, gait, and usability were set as risk factors for falls. A negative relationship between usability and depressive symptoms, cognitive health, balance, gait, the social and physical environment was found, p <0.05; and a strong positive correlation between walking and balance, p <0.05.

Conclusion:

this study helps to better understand the phenomenon of falling, to find a connection between usability with the risk of falls, and other variables.

Risk Factors; Environment; Accidental Falls; Aged

Variable	Falls	No falls
Variable	n	%	n	%
Gender
	Female	32	61.5	47	66.2
	Male	20	38.5	24	33.8
Age
	70-75	26	50.0	36	33.8	50.7
	76-80	7	13.5	14	19.7
	81-85	11	21.1	12	16.9
	86 or older	8	15.4	9	12.7

Variables	Coefficient B	Standard Error	p*	CI 95%
Variables	Coefficient B	Standard Error	p*	Lower Limit	Upper Limit
Physical Environment	0.020	0.016	0.201	0.989	1.052
Depressive symptoms	0.003	0.009	0.692	0.987	1.020
Balance	0.023	0.017	0.171	0.990	1.058
Gait	-0.032	0.014	0.019^†	0.942	0.995
Cognitive Health	0.008	0.011	0.459	0.987	1.029
Constant	-1.196	1.131	0.290

Variable	X1	X2	X3	X4	X5	X6	X7	X8	X9
X1. Age	7.038*	0.662^†	0.069^†	0.744^†	0.001^†‡	0.001^†‡	0.001^†‡	0.155^†	0.378^†
X2. Social E.	0.040^§	1.727*	0.686^†	0.977^†	0.173^†	0.284^†	0.579^†	0.005^†‡	0.293^†
X3. Number of medications	0.164^§	-0.037^§	2.240*	0.762^†	0.989^†	0.032^†‡	0.039^†‡	0.454^†	0.848^†
X4. Depressive symptoms	0.030^§	-0.003^§	0.028^§	24.688*	0.001^†‡	0.001^†‡	0.002^†‡	0.001^†‡	0.119^†
X5. Cognitive health	0.374^§	-0.124^§	0.001^§	-0.439^§	22.090*	0.001^†‡	0.001^†‡	0.002^†‡	0.048^†‡
X6. Balance	0.581^§	-0.097^§	-0.194^§	-0.353^§	0.453^§	23.263*	0.001^†‡	0.001^†‡	0.786^†
X7. Gait	0.624^§	-0.050^§	-0.186^§	-0.276^§	0.486^§	0.816^§	29.521*	0.001^†‡	0.667^†
X8. Usability	0.129^§	-0.250^§	0.068^§	-0.331^§	0.271^§	0.321^§	0.318^§	5.937*	0.001^†‡
X9. Physical E.	0.080^§	0.096^§	-0.017^§	0.141^§	-0.178^§	-0.025^§	0.039^§	-0.304^§	12.691*
Mean	77.5	2.15	3.07	29.7	58.0	73.3	68.5	93.7	40.5
Median	75.0	2.00	3.00	23.8	56.6	81.2	75.0	92.6	40.0
Minimum Value	70	0	0	0	3.33	6.25	0	60.71	7.5
Maximum Value	100	7	10	100	100	100	100	100	75

Effect	Λ	F*	p ^†
Intercept	0.815	81.683	0.001
Gender	0.948	1.024	0.414
Age (years)	0.602	12.224	0.001^‡
Fear of falling	0.981	0.353	0.907
Number of people sharing the household	0.920	1.598	0.154
Number of drugs	0.938	1.220	0.301
Decrease in distance vision	0.933	1.320	0.254

Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Universidade de São Paulo Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-902 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 (16) 3315-3451 / 3315-4407 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rlae@eerp.usp.br

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[1] Corresponding Author: Dr. José Alex Leiva-Caro Universidad del Bío-Bío. Facultad Ciencias de la Salud y de los Alimentos Departamento de Enfermería CP: 3780000, Chillán, Chile E-mail: jleiva@ubiobio.cl