Leave of absence due to depression

census, descriptive-analytical study, with retrospective collection. Population composed of 2,267 workers on leave due to depression with data from the Unified Benefits Information System. The independent variables were: sex, age group, income; county, origin, number of leaves of absence and type of benefit. For data analysis, descriptive statistics were used and the chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were applied. The variables that presented a value of p≤0.20 were submitted to logistic regression.

Results:

there was a predominance of females, age ≥50 years, from the capital, with income of one to two minimum wages, urban origin and single removal. Single leaves of absence occurred mainly due to a mild depressive episode and the benefit granted to the significant majority was social security sickness benefit. Among those who were on leave of absence more than once, the main cause was recurrent depressive disorder, a current mild episode and, in terms of benefit, social security sickness benefit. There was a statistical association between total time and absence from work. In logistic regression, it was found that the time ≥60 days, was 3.1 times longer in recurrent depressive disorder.

Conclusion:

there were an expressive quantitative number of absences due to depression, in which it was observed, especially, that the absence time remained long.

Descriptors:
Occupational Health; Mental Health; Social Security; Sick Leave; Absenteeism; Depression

Variables	N	%
Sex
Male	825	36.4
Female	1442	63.6
Age group (years)
20 to 29	111	4.9
30 to 39	533	23.5
40 to 49	622	27.4
50 or more	1001	44.2
Municipality
Teresina	1085	47.9
Other municipalities in the interior of Piauí	1031	45.5
Other states	151	6.7
Income (minimum wage)^* * Minimum wage in Brazil, 2015 = R$788.00 reais per month or US$ 203.62 US dollars monthly
1 to 2	1747	77.1
2 to 3	234	10.3
3 to 4	108	4.8
4 to 5	72	3.2
5 to 6	42	1.9
More than 6	64	2.8
Origin
Urban	1834	80.9
Rural	433	19.1
There was more than one leave of absence
Yes	434	19.1
No	1833	80.9
Number of leaves of absence
One	1833	80.9
Two	364	16.1
Three	53	2.3
Four	14	0.6
Five	3	0.1

Variables	<60 days		≥60 days		p-value^* * Pearson's chi-square test;
Variables	N	%	N	%	p-value^* * Pearson's chi-square test;
Sex
Male	149	18.1	676	81.9	0.124
Female	299	20.7	1143	79.3
Age group (years)
<40	208	28.7	516	71.3	<0.001
≥40	240	15.6	1303	84.4
Income (minimum wage)^† † Categorized by the Single Benefit Information System: minimum wage in Brazil, 2015 = R$788.00 reais per month or US$ 203.62 US dollars monthly
1 to 2	318	18.2	1429	81.8	0.017
2 to 3	62	26.5	172	73.5
3 to 4	23	21.3	85	78.7
4 to 5	16	22.2	56	77.8
5 to 6	12	28.6	30	71.4
More than 6	17	26.6	47	73.4
Origin
Urban	400	21.8	1434	78.2	<0.01
Rural	48	11.1	385	88.9

Variable	<60 days	≥60 days	p-value
Variable	N(%)	N(%)	p-value
Mild depressive episode
Yes	173(35.5)	315(64.5)	<0.001^* * Pearson's chi-square test;
No	275(15.5)	1504(84.5)
Moderate depressive episode
Yes	75(21.9)	268(78.1)	0.161^* * Pearson's chi-square test;
No	373(19.4)	1551(80.6)
Severe depressive episode no psychotic symptoms
Yes	30(13.0)	201(87.0)	0.006^* * Pearson's chi-square test;
No	418(20.5)	1618(79.5)
Severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms
Yes	16(10.9)	131(89.1)	0.005^* * Pearson's chi-square test;
No	432(20.4)	1688(79.6)
Other depressive episodes
Yes	2(50.0)	2(50.0)	0.128^† † Fisher's exact test
No	446(19.7)	1817(80.3)
Depressive episode not specified
Yes	6(17.1)	29(82.9)	0.695^* * Pearson's chi-square test;
No	442(19.8)	1790(80.2)
Recurrent depressive disorder, current mild episode
Yes	52(12.8)	354(87.2)	<0.001^* * Pearson's chi-square test;
No	396(21.3)	1465(78.7)
Recurrent depressive disorder, current moderate episode
Yes	42(23.1)	140(76.9)	0.242^* * Pearson's chi-square test;
No	406(19.5)	1679(80.5)
Recurrent depressive disorder, serious current episode without psychotic symptoms
Yes	31(15.3)	171(84.7)	0.099^* * Pearson's chi-square test;
No	417(20.2)	1648(79.8)
Recurrent depressive disorder, severe current episode with symptoms psychotic
Yes	14(7.8)	165(92.2)	<0.001^* * Pearson's chi-square test;
No	434(20.8)	1654(79.2)
Recurrent depressive disorder currently in remission
Yes	5(38.5)	8(61.5)	0.089^* * Pearson's chi-square test;
No	443(19.7)	1811(80.3)
Other depressive disorders Recurrent
Yes	0(0.0)	17(100.0)	0.999^† † Fisher's exact test
No	448(19.9)	1802(80.1)
Depressive disorder unspecified recurrent
Yes	2(10.0)	18(90.0)	0.271^† † Fisher's exact test
No	446(19.8)	1801(80.2)

Variable	<60 days		≥60 days		p-value
Variable	N	%	N	%	p-value
Sickness benefit social security
Yes	395	19.8	1597	80.2	0.828^* * Pearson's chi-square test;
No	53	19.3	222	80.7
Sickness benefit Accident
Yes	37	32.2	78	67.8	0.001^* * Pearson's chi-square test;
No	411	19.1	1741	80.9
Retirement by accidental disability
Yes	0	0.0	2	100	0.999^† † Fisher's exact test
No	448	19.8	1817	80,2
Retirement due to disability social security
Yes	16	10.1	142	89.9	0.002^* * Pearson's chi-square test;
No	432	20.5	1677	79.5

Variables	≥60 days
Variables	OR^* * OR = adjusted odds ratio; (adjusted)	p-value	CI95%^† † 95% CI = 95% Confidence Interval;
Age group (years)
<40	0.5	<0.001	0.4 – 0.6
≥40	1
Income (minimum wage)
1 to 2	1.6	0.094	0.9 – 2.9
2 to 3	1.0	0.991	0.6 – 1.9
3 to 4	1.3	0.430	0.6 – 2.7
4 to 5	1.3	0.556	0.6 – 2.8
5 to 6	0.9	0.821	0.4 – 2.2
More than 6	1
Origin
Urban	0.4	<0.001	0.3 – 0.6
Rural	1
Mild depressive episode
Yes^‡ ‡ Reference category. The p value was obtained by logistic regression	0.3	<0.001	2.4 – 3.8
No	1
Severe depressive episode without psychotic symptoms
Yes^‡ ‡ Reference category. The p value was obtained by logistic regression	1.7	0.007	1.2 – 2.5
No	1
Severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms
Yes^‡ ‡ Reference category. The p value was obtained by logistic regression	2.1	0.006	1.2 – 3.5
No	1
Recurrent depressive disorder, current mild episode
Yes^‡ ‡ Reference category. The p value was obtained by logistic regression	1.8	<0.001	1.3 – 2.5
No	1
Recurrent depressive disorder, current severe episode with psychotic symptoms
Yes^‡ ‡ Reference category. The p value was obtained by logistic regression	3.1	<0.001	1.7 – 5.3
No	1
Accidental sickness benefit
Yes^‡ ‡ Reference category. The p value was obtained by logistic regression	0.49	0.001	0.3 – 0.7
No	1
Retirement due to social security disability
Yes^‡ ‡ Reference category. The p value was obtained by logistic regression	2.3	0.002	1.3 – 3.8
No	1

Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Universidade de São Paulo Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-902 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 (16) 3315-3451 / 3315-4407 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rlae@eerp.usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Carla Danielle Araújo Feitosa E-mail: carlafeitosa7@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7347-6972

Brasil

Brasil

Leave of absence due to depression* * Paper extracted from master´s thesis “Afastamentos por depressão: um estudo com trabalhadores do Piauí”, apresentada à Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.

Objective:

Method:

Results:

Conclusion:

Leave of absence due to depression^* * Paper extracted from master´s thesis “Afastamentos por depressão: um estudo com trabalhadores do Piauí”, apresentada à Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.