Competencias del enfermero aeroespacial en situaciones de desastre: revisión de alcance

revisión de alcance que siguió los pasos recomendados por el JBI y la checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Fue realizada en tres fases por dos revisores independientes, con cegamiento y con el apoyo de un tercer revisor para resolver desacuerdos. La selección se basó en el análisis de títulos, descriptores y resúmenes, con criterios de elegibilidad específicos, seguida de la lectura completa de los textos. Al final de la fase de selección se incluyeron 37 publicaciones.

Resultados:

los resultados indicaron que es necesario desarrollar habilidades técnicas, tener conocimiento sobre fisiología de vuelo, estar familiarizado con los procedimientos de emergencia aeronáuticos, tener habilidades de comunicación, liderazgo y responsabilidades en la preparación de aeronaves. Durante el transporte, los enfermeros realizan anamnesis, exámenes físicos, monitoreo de pacientes, procedimientos clínicos y gestionan las complicaciones. Después del vuelo, realizan registros, procedimientos, higienizan el equipamiento clínico y reponen los insumos.

Conclusión:

debido a la complejidad de las prácticas de enfermería aeroespacial en situaciones de desastre, es necesario que los profesionales desarrollen competencias para garantizar una atención segura y eficaz. Hay que desarrollar tecnologías, marcos regulatorios y disposiciones legales que les brinden apoyo legal, al igual que futuros estudios para validar y profundizar las competencias mapeadas.

Descriptores:
Enfermería; Ambulancias Aéreas; Ciencia del Desastre; Medicina Aeroespacial; Urgencias Médicas; Equipos Humanos

Destacados:

(1) Es necesario tener habilidades técnicas y conocimiento sobre fisiología de vuelo.

(2) Se destaca lo compleja que es la enfermería aeroespacial en desastres.

(3) Urgencia en la evaluación de responsabilidades en la preparación de aeronaves.

(4) Es necesario estar familiarizado con los procedimientos de emergencia aeronáuticos.

Investigación	Estrategias de Búsqueda	Resultados
#01	Search: ”Nursing”[mh] OR Nursing ^* * OR = o; † AND = y [tiab] OR “Nurses”[mh] ORNurse ^* * OR = o; † AND = y [tiab] Sort by: Most Recent	690,130
#02	Search: ”Air Ambulances”[mh] OR Air Ambulance ^* * OR = o; † AND = y [tiab] OR Emergency Helicopter ^* * OR = o; † AND = y [tiab] OR Helicopter Ambulance ^* * OR = o; † AND = y [tiab] OR”Aircraft”[mh] OR Aircraft ^* * OR = o; † AND = y [tiab] OR Helicopter ^* * OR = o; † AND = y [tiab] OR Airplane ^* * OR = o; † AND = y [tiab] OR “Transportation of Patients”[mh] OR Patients Transportation ^* * OR = o; † AND = y [tiab] OR Aeromedical evacuation[tiab] OR Airport ^* * OR = o; † AND = y [tiab] OR “Aerospace Medicine”[mh] OR “Aviation Medicine”[tiab] OR “Space Medicine”[tiab] OR aerospace[tiab] OR Air[tiab] OR helicopter ^* * OR = o; † AND = y [tiab] OR aircraft ^* * OR = o; † AND = y [tiab] OR airplane ^* * OR = o; † AND = y [tiab] Sort by: Most Recent	362,543
#03	Search: ”Disasters”[mh] OR Disaster ^* * OR = o; † AND = y [tiab] OR Emergencies[mh] OR Emergenc ^* * OR = o; † AND = y [tiab] OR Biological Disaster ^* * OR = o; † AND = y [tiab] OR “Mass Casualty Incidents”[mh] OR Mass Casualty Incident ^* * OR = o; † AND = y [tiab] OR Mass Casualt ^* * OR = o; † AND = y [tiab] OR terror[tiab] OR Bioterrorism[tiab] OR Terrorism[tiab] Sort by: Most Recent	594,755
#04	Search: #01 AND #02 AND #03 Sort by: Most Recent	888

N.º	Año	Tipo de desastre	Fuente de información	País	Idioma
F1 ⁽ ¹⁸18. Tacahashi DM. Assistência de Enfermagem pré-hospitalar às emergências: um novo desafio para enfermagem. Rev Bras Enferm. 1991;44:113-5. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71671991000200014 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167199100... ⁾	1991	No especificado	Rev Bras Enferm	Brasil	Portugués
F2 ⁽ ¹⁹19. Bader GB, Terhorst M, Heilman P, DePalma JA. Characteristics of flight nursing practice. Air Med J. 1995;14(4):214-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)90005-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)900... ⁾	1995	No especificado	Air Medical Journal	Estados Unidos	Inglés
F3 ⁽ ²⁰20. Wrobleski DS, Vukov LF. Training of flight nurses on fixed-wing air ambulance services. Air Med J. 1996;15(4):158-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1067-991X(96)90023-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1067-991X(96)90... ⁾	1996	No especificado	Air Medical Journal	Estados Unidos	Inglés
F4 ⁽ ²¹21. Gentil RC. Historical and organizational aspect of aeromedical transport: the assistance dynamics. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 1997;31:452-67. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-62341997000300008 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-6234199700... ⁾	1997	Guerra	Rev da Escola de Enfermagem da USP	Brasil	Portugués
F5 ⁽ ²²22. Thomaz RR, Miranda MF, Souza GA, Gentil RC. Enfermeiro de bordo: uma profissão no ar. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Jan 10];12(1):86-96. Available from: https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298.pdf https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/... ⁾	1999	Guerra	Acta Paul Enferm	Brasil	Portugués
F6 ⁽ ²³23. Rocha PK, Prado ML, Radünz V, Wosny AM. Nursing care in pre-hospital attendiment service and airmedical removal. Rev Bras Enferm. 2003;56(6):695-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672003000600022 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167200300... ⁾	2003	No especificado	Rev Bras Enferm	Brasil	Portugués
F7 ⁽ ²⁴24. Bridges EJ. Military and disaster nursing. Crit Care Nurs Clin. 2003;15(2):xiii–xiv. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5885(02)00086-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5885(02)00... ⁾	2003	No especificado	Critical Care Nursing Clinics	Estados Unidos	Inglés
F8 ⁽ ²⁵25. Grissom TE, Farmer JC. The provision of sophisticated critical care beyond the hospital: lessons from physiology and military experiences that apply to civil disaster medical response. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(1):S13-21. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000151063.85112.5A https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.000015106... ⁾	2005	No especificado	Critical Care Medicine	Estados Unidos	Inglés
F9 ⁽ ²⁶26. Leppäniemi A, Vuola J, Vornanen M. Surgery in the air - Evacuating Finnish tsunami victims from Thailand. Scand J Surg. 2005;94(1):5-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/145749690509400103 https://doi.org/10.1177/1457496905094001... ⁾	2005	Tsunami	Scandinavian Journal of Surgery	Finlandia	Inglés
F10 ⁽ ²⁷27. AORN guidance statement: mass casualty, triage, and evacuation. AORN J. 2007;85(4):792-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60154-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60... ⁾	2007	No especificado	AORN Journal	Estados Unidos	Inglés
F11 ⁽ ²⁸28. Klein KR, Nagel NE. Mass medical evacuation: Hurricane Katrina and nursing experiences at the New Orleans airport. Disaster Manage Response. 2007;5(2):56-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dmr.2007.03.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dmr.2007.03.00... ⁾	2007	Huracán Katrina	Disaster Management & Response	Estados Unidos	Inglés
F12 ⁽ ²⁹29. Björnsson HM, Kristjánsson M, Möller AD. Converted charter plane for mass transport of patients after a tsunami. Air Med J. 2008;27(6):293-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2008.06.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2008.06.00... ⁾	2008	Tsunami	Air Medical Journal	Estados Unidos	Inglés
F13 ⁽ ³⁰30. Collins ST. Emergency medical support units to critical care transport teams in Iraq. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2008;20(1):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2007.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2007.10.... ⁾	2008	Guerra	Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America	Estados Unidos	Inglés
F14 ⁽ ³¹31. Hudson TL, Morton R. Critical care transport in a combat environment: building tactical trauma transport teams before and during deployment. Crit Care Nurse. 2010;30(6):57-66. https://doi.org/10.4037/ccn2010390 https://doi.org/10.4037/ccn2010390... ⁾	2010	No especificado	Critical Care Nurse	Estados Unidos	Inglés
F15 ⁽ ³²32. De Jong MJ, Benner R, Benner P, Richard ML, Kenny DJ, Kelley P, et al. Mass casualty care in an expeditionary environment: developing local knowledge and expertise in context. J Trauma Nurs. 2010;17(1):45-58. https://doi.org/10.1097/JTN.0b013e3181d914ed https://doi.org/10.1097/JTN.0b013e3181d9... ⁾	2010	No especificado	Journal of Trauma Nursing\| JTN	Estados Unidos	Inglés
F16 ⁽ ³³33. Agazio J. Army nursing practice challenges in humanitarian and wartime missions. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010;16(2):166-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010.01826.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010... ⁾	2010	Guerra	International Journal of Nursing Practice	Estados Unidos	Inglés
F17 ⁽ ³⁴34. Passos IP, Toledo VP, Duran EC. Air transport of patients: analysis of scientific knowledge. Rev Bras Enferm. 2011;64:1127–31. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672011000600021 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201100... ⁾	2011	No especificado	Rev Bras Enferm	Brasil	Portugués
F18 ⁽ ³⁵35. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Nascimento KC, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Nursing care protocol for trauma patients in the aerospace environment: during and post-flight care. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2011;20(3):478-85. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-07072011000300008 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-0707201100... ⁾	2011	No especificado	Texto & Contexto-Enfermagem	Brasil	Portugués
F19 ⁽ ³⁶36. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Protocol of nursing care to traumatized patients in the aerospace environment: care before flight. Rev Bras Enferm. 2011;64(6):1056-66. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672011000600011 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201100... ⁾	2011	No especificado	Rev Bras Enferm	Brasil	Portugués
F20 ⁽ ³⁷37. Scuissiato DR, Boffi LV, Rocha RR, Montezeli JH, Bordin MT, Peres AM. Flight nurses’ comprehension about their role in the multiprofesional team of aero-medical transport. Rev Bras Enferm. 2012;65(4):614-20. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672012000400010 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201200... ⁾	2012	No especificado	Rev Bras Enferm	Brasil	Portugués
F21 ⁽ ³⁸38. Franco YE, De Lorenzo RA, Salyer SW. Emergent interfacility evacuation of critical care patients in combat. Air Med J. 2012;31(4):185-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2011.09.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2011.09.00... ⁾	2012	Guerra	Air Medical Journal	Estados Unidos	Inglés
F22 ⁽ ³⁹39. Minnick JM, Bebarta VS, Stanton M, Lairet JR, King J, Torres P, et al. The incidence of fever in US Critical Care Air Transport Team combat trauma patients evacuated from the theater between March 2009 and March 2010. J Emerg Nurs. 2013;39(6):e101-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.02.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.02.00... ⁾	2013	No especificado	Journal of Emergency Nursing	Estados Unidos	Inglés
F23 ⁽ ⁴⁰40. Morton R, Krakover B, Hudson T, Alexander B. Casualty evacuation: an innovative role for emergency nurses. J Emerg Nurs. 2013;39(6):576-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.08.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.08.00... ⁾	2013	Guerra	Journal of Emergency Nursing	Estados Unidos	Inglés
F24 ⁽ ⁴¹41. Elliott B. Military nurses’ experiences returning from war. J Adv Nurs. 2015;71(5):1066-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12588 https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12588... ⁾	2015	Guerra	Journal of Emergency Nursing	Estados Unidos	Inglés
F25 ⁽ ⁴²42. Sandström L, Nilsson C, Juuso P, Engström Å. The helicopter as a caring context: experiences of people suffering trauma. Int Emerg Nurs. 2017;32:34-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2016.09.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2016.09.0... ⁾	2017	No especificado	International Emergency Nursing	Estados Unidos	Inglés
F26 ⁽ ⁴4. Lourenço MB, Pinto CM, Silva OC Junior, Lourenço LH, Paes GO, Oliveira AB. The inclusion of Brazilian flight female nurses in the second world war: challenges and achievements. Esc Anna Nery. 2017;21(4):e20170008. https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2017-0008 https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-20... ⁾	2017	Guerra	Esc Anna Nery – Revista de Enfermagem	Brasil	Portugués
F27 ⁽ ⁴³43. Swearingen JM, Goodman TM, Chappelle WL, Thompson WT. Post-traumatic stress symptoms in United States Air Force aeromedical evacuation nurses and technicians. Mil Med. 2017;182(suppl_1):258-65. https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-16-00107 https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-16-0010... ⁾	2017	No especificado	Military Medicine	Estados Unidos	Inglés
F28 ⁽ ⁴⁴44. Yanagawa Y, Ishikawa K, Takeuchi I, Nagasawa H, Jitsuiki K, Ohsaka H, et al. Should helicopters transport patients who become sick after a chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive attack? Air Med J. 2018;37(2):124-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2017.11.010 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2017.11.01... ⁾	2018	QBRN ^* * QBRN = Químicos, biológicos, radiológicos y nucleares	Air Medical Journal	Estados Unidos	Inglés
F29 ⁽ ⁴⁵45. Hughes V. Air Force Nursing Executive leadership impact on health care 2004–2008. Nurs Outlook. 2019;67(2):161-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.11.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.1... ⁾	2019	Guerra y desastres naturales	Nurs Outlook	Estados Unidos	Inglés
F30 ⁽ ⁴⁶46. Bridges E, McNeill M. Bringing evidence to the point of care: TriService Nursing Research Program battlefield and disaster nursing pocket guide. Mil Med. 2020;185(Supplement_2):50-3. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz290 https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz290... ⁾	2020	No especificado	Military Medicine	Estados Unidos	Inglés
F31 ⁽ ⁴⁷47. Alfes CM. Improving air medical transport training: anurse leader perspective. Nurse Lead. 2020;18(1):63-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2019.11.011 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2019.11.01... ⁾	2020	No especificado	Nurse Leader	Estados Unidos	Inglés
F32 ⁽ ⁴⁸48. Masterson S, Deasy C, Doyle M, Hennelly D, Knox S, Sorensen J. What clinical crew competencies and qualifications are required for helicopter emergency medical services? A review of the literature. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2020;28:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-020-00722-z https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-020-00722... ⁾	2020	No especificado	Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine country	Irlanda	Inglés
F33 ⁽ ⁴⁹49. Guénot P, Coudreuse M, Lely L, Granger-Veyron N. Helicopter rescue missions for emergency medical aid at sea: a new assignment for the French military medical service? Air Med J. 2021;40(4):225-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.01... ⁾	2021	No especificado	Air Medical Journal	Estados Unidos	Inglés
F34 ⁽ ⁹9. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20... ⁾	2021	No especificado	Nursing	Brasil	Portugués
F35 ⁽ ⁵⁰50. Cheung AC, Lam RP, Fok PW, Ng EP, Chaang VK, Rainer TH. Predictors for in-flight medical interventions during helicopter interfacility transport in Hong Kong. Hong Kong J Emerg Med. 2022;29(5):296-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/10249079211030110 https://doi.org/10.1177/1024907921103011... ⁾	2022	No especificado	Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine	China	Inglés
F36 ⁽ ⁵¹51. Thompson G, Miller B, Lenz TJ. Comparing intubation success between flight nurses and flight paramedics in helicopter emergency medical services. Air Med J. 2023;42(6):436-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2023.07.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2023.07.00... ⁾	2023	No especificado	Air Medical Journal	Estados Unidos	Inglés
F37 ⁽ ⁷7. Conselho Federal de Medicina (BR). Medicina aeroespacial: orientações gerais para médicos a bordo [Internet]. Brasília: CFM; 2018 [cited 2022 Jan 13];2(1):152-71. Available from: http://portal.cfm.org.br/images/PDF/cartilhaaeroespcaial2018.pdf http://portal.cfm.org.br/images/PDF/cart... ⁾	2023	QBRN ^* * QBRN = Químicos, biológicos, radiológicos y nucleares	Texto & Contexto-Enfermagem	Brasil	Portugués

Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Universidade de São Paulo Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-902 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 (16) 3315-3451 / 3315-4407 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rlae@eerp.usp.br

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[1] Autor de correspondencia:
Thiago Augusto Soares Monteiro da Silva E-mail: augustosilvasa88@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6870-5101

Fase de transporte	Mapeo de las competencias del enfermero aeroespacial en el contexto de desastres
ANTES DEL VUELO	Conocer la fisiología de vuelo y los procedimientos de emergencia aeronáuticos para brindar una atención de enfermería de calidad ⁽ ⁷7. Conselho Federal de Medicina (BR). Medicina aeroespacial: orientações gerais para médicos a bordo [Internet]. Brasília: CFM; 2018 [cited 2022 Jan 13];2(1):152-71. Available from: http://portal.cfm.org.br/images/PDF/cartilhaaeroespcaial2018.pdf http://portal.cfm.org.br/images/PDF/cart... ^, ⁹9. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20... ^, ¹⁹19. Bader GB, Terhorst M, Heilman P, DePalma JA. Characteristics of flight nursing practice. Air Med J. 1995;14(4):214-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)90005-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)900... ^, ³³33. Agazio J. Army nursing practice challenges in humanitarian and wartime missions. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010;16(2):166-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010.01826.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010... ^, ³⁶36. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Protocol of nursing care to traumatized patients in the aerospace environment: care before flight. Rev Bras Enferm. 2011;64(6):1056-66. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672011000600011 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201100... ^- ³⁷37. Scuissiato DR, Boffi LV, Rocha RR, Montezeli JH, Bordin MT, Peres AM. Flight nurses’ comprehension about their role in the multiprofesional team of aero-medical transport. Rev Bras Enferm. 2012;65(4):614-20. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672012000400010 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201200... ⁾ .
	Conocer las prácticas de seguridad de vuelo, del paciente y del profesional relacionadas con aeronaves en tierra o en vuelo ⁽ ⁹9. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20... ^, ³³33. Agazio J. Army nursing practice challenges in humanitarian and wartime missions. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010;16(2):166-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010.01826.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010... ^, ³⁶36. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Protocol of nursing care to traumatized patients in the aerospace environment: care before flight. Rev Bras Enferm. 2011;64(6):1056-66. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672011000600011 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201100... ^- ³⁷37. Scuissiato DR, Boffi LV, Rocha RR, Montezeli JH, Bordin MT, Peres AM. Flight nurses’ comprehension about their role in the multiprofesional team of aero-medical transport. Rev Bras Enferm. 2012;65(4):614-20. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672012000400010 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201200... ^, ⁴⁵45. Hughes V. Air Force Nursing Executive leadership impact on health care 2004–2008. Nurs Outlook. 2019;67(2):161-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.11.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.1... 46. Bridges E, McNeill M. Bringing evidence to the point of care: TriService Nursing Research Program battlefield and disaster nursing pocket guide. Mil Med. 2020;185(Supplement_2):50-3. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz290 https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz290... 47. Alfes CM. Improving air medical transport training: anurse leader perspective. Nurse Lead. 2020;18(1):63-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2019.11.011 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2019.11.01... ^- ⁴⁸48. Masterson S, Deasy C, Doyle M, Hennelly D, Knox S, Sorensen J. What clinical crew competencies and qualifications are required for helicopter emergency medical services? A review of the literature. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2020;28:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-020-00722-z https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-020-00722... ⁾ .
	Conocer las aeronaves utilizadas en el transporte aéreo y comprender el uso del equipamiento médico relacionado ⁽ ⁹9. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20... ^, ¹⁹19. Bader GB, Terhorst M, Heilman P, DePalma JA. Characteristics of flight nursing practice. Air Med J. 1995;14(4):214-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)90005-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)900... ^, ²⁴24. Bridges EJ. Military and disaster nursing. Crit Care Nurs Clin. 2003;15(2):xiii–xiv. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5885(02)00086-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5885(02)00... ^, ²⁷27. AORN guidance statement: mass casualty, triage, and evacuation. AORN J. 2007;85(4):792-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60154-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60... ^, ²⁹29. Björnsson HM, Kristjánsson M, Möller AD. Converted charter plane for mass transport of patients after a tsunami. Air Med J. 2008;27(6):293-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2008.06.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2008.06.00... ^, ³³33. Agazio J. Army nursing practice challenges in humanitarian and wartime missions. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010;16(2):166-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010.01826.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010... ^, ⁵⁰50. Cheung AC, Lam RP, Fok PW, Ng EP, Chaang VK, Rainer TH. Predictors for in-flight medical interventions during helicopter interfacility transport in Hong Kong. Hong Kong J Emerg Med. 2022;29(5):296-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/10249079211030110 https://doi.org/10.1177/1024907921103011... ⁾ .
	Saber preparar la aeronave para la misión ⁽ ⁹9. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20... ^, ¹⁹19. Bader GB, Terhorst M, Heilman P, DePalma JA. Characteristics of flight nursing practice. Air Med J. 1995;14(4):214-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)90005-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)900... ^, ²⁴24. Bridges EJ. Military and disaster nursing. Crit Care Nurs Clin. 2003;15(2):xiii–xiv. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5885(02)00086-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5885(02)00... ^, ²⁷27. AORN guidance statement: mass casualty, triage, and evacuation. AORN J. 2007;85(4):792-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60154-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60... ^, ⁴⁶46. Bridges E, McNeill M. Bringing evidence to the point of care: TriService Nursing Research Program battlefield and disaster nursing pocket guide. Mil Med. 2020;185(Supplement_2):50-3. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz290 https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz290... ^, ⁴⁹49. Guénot P, Coudreuse M, Lely L, Granger-Veyron N. Helicopter rescue missions for emergency medical aid at sea: a new assignment for the French military medical service? Air Med J. 2021;40(4):225-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.01... ^- ⁵⁰50. Cheung AC, Lam RP, Fok PW, Ng EP, Chaang VK, Rainer TH. Predictors for in-flight medical interventions during helicopter interfacility transport in Hong Kong. Hong Kong J Emerg Med. 2022;29(5):296-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/10249079211030110 https://doi.org/10.1177/1024907921103011... ⁾ .
	Realizar la checklist de los materiales y medicamentos estandarizados para uso en la aeronave ⁽ ⁹9. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20... ^, ¹⁹19. Bader GB, Terhorst M, Heilman P, DePalma JA. Characteristics of flight nursing practice. Air Med J. 1995;14(4):214-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)90005-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)900... ^, ²⁴24. Bridges EJ. Military and disaster nursing. Crit Care Nurs Clin. 2003;15(2):xiii–xiv. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5885(02)00086-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5885(02)00... ^, ²⁷27. AORN guidance statement: mass casualty, triage, and evacuation. AORN J. 2007;85(4):792-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60154-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60... ^, ⁴⁹49. Guénot P, Coudreuse M, Lely L, Granger-Veyron N. Helicopter rescue missions for emergency medical aid at sea: a new assignment for the French military medical service? Air Med J. 2021;40(4):225-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.01... ^- ⁵⁰50. Cheung AC, Lam RP, Fok PW, Ng EP, Chaang VK, Rainer TH. Predictors for in-flight medical interventions during helicopter interfacility transport in Hong Kong. Hong Kong J Emerg Med. 2022;29(5):296-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/10249079211030110 https://doi.org/10.1177/1024907921103011... ⁾ .
	Proporcionar los materiales, equipos y oxígeno necesarios ⁽ ⁹9. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20... ^, ¹⁹19. Bader GB, Terhorst M, Heilman P, DePalma JA. Characteristics of flight nursing practice. Air Med J. 1995;14(4):214-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)90005-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)900... ^, ²⁴24. Bridges EJ. Military and disaster nursing. Crit Care Nurs Clin. 2003;15(2):xiii–xiv. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5885(02)00086-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5885(02)00... ^, ²⁷27. AORN guidance statement: mass casualty, triage, and evacuation. AORN J. 2007;85(4):792-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60154-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60... ^, ⁴⁹49. Guénot P, Coudreuse M, Lely L, Granger-Veyron N. Helicopter rescue missions for emergency medical aid at sea: a new assignment for the French military medical service? Air Med J. 2021;40(4):225-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.01... ^- ⁵⁰50. Cheung AC, Lam RP, Fok PW, Ng EP, Chaang VK, Rainer TH. Predictors for in-flight medical interventions during helicopter interfacility transport in Hong Kong. Hong Kong J Emerg Med. 2022;29(5):296-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/10249079211030110 https://doi.org/10.1177/1024907921103011... ⁾ .
	Poseer perfil de liderazgo y capacidad para la toma de decisiones ⁽ ²⁸28. Klein KR, Nagel NE. Mass medical evacuation: Hurricane Katrina and nursing experiences at the New Orleans airport. Disaster Manage Response. 2007;5(2):56-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dmr.2007.03.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dmr.2007.03.00... ^, ⁴⁵45. Hughes V. Air Force Nursing Executive leadership impact on health care 2004–2008. Nurs Outlook. 2019;67(2):161-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.11.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.1... ⁾ .
	Actuar como formador profesional desarrollando programas en equipo para garantizar que el equipo tenga habilidades, competencias y conocimientos actualizados ⁽ ⁴⁵45. Hughes V. Air Force Nursing Executive leadership impact on health care 2004–2008. Nurs Outlook. 2019;67(2):161-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.11.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.1... ⁾ .
	Poseer habilidades técnicas para enfrentar desastres, habilidades de comunicación y capacidad para lidiar con múltiples víctimas ⁽ ⁹9. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20... ^, ¹⁹19. Bader GB, Terhorst M, Heilman P, DePalma JA. Characteristics of flight nursing practice. Air Med J. 1995;14(4):214-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)90005-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)900... ^, ²⁴24. Bridges EJ. Military and disaster nursing. Crit Care Nurs Clin. 2003;15(2):xiii–xiv. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5885(02)00086-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5885(02)00... ^, ²⁷27. AORN guidance statement: mass casualty, triage, and evacuation. AORN J. 2007;85(4):792-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60154-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60... ^, ³⁴34. Passos IP, Toledo VP, Duran EC. Air transport of patients: analysis of scientific knowledge. Rev Bras Enferm. 2011;64:1127–31. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672011000600021 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201100... ⁾ .
	Tener buenas habilidades de comunicación oral y escrita para discutir casos con el equipo y realizar los informes necesarios ⁽ ⁷7. Conselho Federal de Medicina (BR). Medicina aeroespacial: orientações gerais para médicos a bordo [Internet]. Brasília: CFM; 2018 [cited 2022 Jan 13];2(1):152-71. Available from: http://portal.cfm.org.br/images/PDF/cartilhaaeroespcaial2018.pdf http://portal.cfm.org.br/images/PDF/cart... ^, ³⁵35. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Nascimento KC, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Nursing care protocol for trauma patients in the aerospace environment: during and post-flight care. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2011;20(3):478-85. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-07072011000300008 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-0707201100... ^, ³⁷37. Scuissiato DR, Boffi LV, Rocha RR, Montezeli JH, Bordin MT, Peres AM. Flight nurses’ comprehension about their role in the multiprofesional team of aero-medical transport. Rev Bras Enferm. 2012;65(4):614-20. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672012000400010 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201200... ^, ⁴⁵45. Hughes V. Air Force Nursing Executive leadership impact on health care 2004–2008. Nurs Outlook. 2019;67(2):161-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.11.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.1... ⁾ .
	Comprobar que sea necesario el uso de la aeronave, identificando la naturaleza de la emergencia a través del estado, número de víctimas y lugar del hecho ⁽ ⁹9. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20... ^, ¹⁸18. Tacahashi DM. Assistência de Enfermagem pré-hospitalar às emergências: um novo desafio para enfermagem. Rev Bras Enferm. 1991;44:113-5. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71671991000200014 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167199100... ^, ³⁶36. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Protocol of nursing care to traumatized patients in the aerospace environment: care before flight. Rev Bras Enferm. 2011;64(6):1056-66. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672011000600011 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201100... ^, ⁴⁴44. Yanagawa Y, Ishikawa K, Takeuchi I, Nagasawa H, Jitsuiki K, Ohsaka H, et al. Should helicopters transport patients who become sick after a chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive attack? Air Med J. 2018;37(2):124-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2017.11.010 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2017.11.01... ⁾ .
	Planificar toda la misión junto con el equipo multidisciplinario ⁽ ²²22. Thomaz RR, Miranda MF, Souza GA, Gentil RC. Enfermeiro de bordo: uma profissão no ar. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Jan 10];12(1):86-96. Available from: https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298.pdf https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/... ^, ³⁶36. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Protocol of nursing care to traumatized patients in the aerospace environment: care before flight. Rev Bras Enferm. 2011;64(6):1056-66. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672011000600011 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201100... ^, ⁴⁴44. Yanagawa Y, Ishikawa K, Takeuchi I, Nagasawa H, Jitsuiki K, Ohsaka H, et al. Should helicopters transport patients who become sick after a chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive attack? Air Med J. 2018;37(2):124-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2017.11.010 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2017.11.01... ^, ⁵¹51. Thompson G, Miller B, Lenz TJ. Comparing intubation success between flight nurses and flight paramedics in helicopter emergency medical services. Air Med J. 2023;42(6):436-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2023.07.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2023.07.00... ⁾ .
	Realizar la evaluación del paciente (Historia Clínica de Enfermería) participar en la decisión de trasladar o no al paciente por vía aérea ⁽ ²⁰20. Wrobleski DS, Vukov LF. Training of flight nurses on fixed-wing air ambulance services. Air Med J. 1996;15(4):158-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1067-991X(96)90023-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1067-991X(96)90... ^, ²⁵25. Grissom TE, Farmer JC. The provision of sophisticated critical care beyond the hospital: lessons from physiology and military experiences that apply to civil disaster medical response. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(1):S13-21. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000151063.85112.5A https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.000015106... ^, ³⁵35. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Nascimento KC, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Nursing care protocol for trauma patients in the aerospace environment: during and post-flight care. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2011;20(3):478-85. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-07072011000300008 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-0707201100... ^, ³⁸38. Franco YE, De Lorenzo RA, Salyer SW. Emergent interfacility evacuation of critical care patients in combat. Air Med J. 2012;31(4):185-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2011.09.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2011.09.00... ⁾ .
	Realizar procedimientos de diversa complejidad durante la preparación del paciente para el transporte, según el cuadro clínico ⁽ ⁷7. Conselho Federal de Medicina (BR). Medicina aeroespacial: orientações gerais para médicos a bordo [Internet]. Brasília: CFM; 2018 [cited 2022 Jan 13];2(1):152-71. Available from: http://portal.cfm.org.br/images/PDF/cartilhaaeroespcaial2018.pdf http://portal.cfm.org.br/images/PDF/cart... ^, ⁹9. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20... ^, ²²22. Thomaz RR, Miranda MF, Souza GA, Gentil RC. Enfermeiro de bordo: uma profissão no ar. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Jan 10];12(1):86-96. Available from: https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298.pdf https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/... ^- ²³23. Rocha PK, Prado ML, Radünz V, Wosny AM. Nursing care in pre-hospital attendiment service and airmedical removal. Rev Bras Enferm. 2003;56(6):695-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672003000600022 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167200300... ^, ²⁵25. Grissom TE, Farmer JC. The provision of sophisticated critical care beyond the hospital: lessons from physiology and military experiences that apply to civil disaster medical response. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(1):S13-21. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000151063.85112.5A https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.000015106... ^, ²⁷27. AORN guidance statement: mass casualty, triage, and evacuation. AORN J. 2007;85(4):792-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60154-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60... ^- ²⁸28. Klein KR, Nagel NE. Mass medical evacuation: Hurricane Katrina and nursing experiences at the New Orleans airport. Disaster Manage Response. 2007;5(2):56-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dmr.2007.03.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dmr.2007.03.00... ^, ³⁰30. Collins ST. Emergency medical support units to critical care transport teams in Iraq. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2008;20(1):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2007.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2007.10.... ^, ⁴⁹49. Guénot P, Coudreuse M, Lely L, Granger-Veyron N. Helicopter rescue missions for emergency medical aid at sea: a new assignment for the French military medical service? Air Med J. 2021;40(4):225-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.01... ^- ⁵⁰50. Cheung AC, Lam RP, Fok PW, Ng EP, Chaang VK, Rainer TH. Predictors for in-flight medical interventions during helicopter interfacility transport in Hong Kong. Hong Kong J Emerg Med. 2022;29(5):296-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/10249079211030110 https://doi.org/10.1177/1024907921103011... ⁾ .
DURANTE EL VUELO	Tener conocimiento de los procedimientos de emergencia de la aeronave en la que se realiza el transporte ⁽ ²⁵25. Grissom TE, Farmer JC. The provision of sophisticated critical care beyond the hospital: lessons from physiology and military experiences that apply to civil disaster medical response. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(1):S13-21. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000151063.85112.5A https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.000015106... ^- ²⁶26. Leppäniemi A, Vuola J, Vornanen M. Surgery in the air - Evacuating Finnish tsunami victims from Thailand. Scand J Surg. 2005;94(1):5-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/145749690509400103 https://doi.org/10.1177/1457496905094001... ⁾ .
	Tener la capacidad de desarrollar y gestionar acciones del plan de respuesta a desastres en un entorno aéreo ⁽ ⁹9. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20... ^, ²⁷27. AORN guidance statement: mass casualty, triage, and evacuation. AORN J. 2007;85(4):792-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60154-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60... ^, ³⁹39. Minnick JM, Bebarta VS, Stanton M, Lairet JR, King J, Torres P, et al. The incidence of fever in US Critical Care Air Transport Team combat trauma patients evacuated from the theater between March 2009 and March 2010. J Emerg Nurs. 2013;39(6):e101-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.02.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.02.00... ⁾ .
	Tener buena comunicación escrita para realizar registros y notas de enfermería ⁽ ²¹21. Gentil RC. Historical and organizational aspect of aeromedical transport: the assistance dynamics. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 1997;31:452-67. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-62341997000300008 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-6234199700... ^- ²²22. Thomaz RR, Miranda MF, Souza GA, Gentil RC. Enfermeiro de bordo: uma profissão no ar. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Jan 10];12(1):86-96. Available from: https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298.pdf https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/... ⁾ .
	Tener la capacidad de liderar el equipo de atención durante el vuelo ⁽ ²²22. Thomaz RR, Miranda MF, Souza GA, Gentil RC. Enfermeiro de bordo: uma profissão no ar. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Jan 10];12(1):86-96. Available from: https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298.pdf https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/... ⁾ .
	Gestionar el flujo de pacientes, recursos humanos, materiales, equipamiento y suministros durante el vuelo ⁽ ⁹9. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20... ^, ¹⁹19. Bader GB, Terhorst M, Heilman P, DePalma JA. Characteristics of flight nursing practice. Air Med J. 1995;14(4):214-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)90005-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)900... ^, ²²22. Thomaz RR, Miranda MF, Souza GA, Gentil RC. Enfermeiro de bordo: uma profissão no ar. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Jan 10];12(1):86-96. Available from: https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298.pdf https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/... ^, ²⁶26. Leppäniemi A, Vuola J, Vornanen M. Surgery in the air - Evacuating Finnish tsunami victims from Thailand. Scand J Surg. 2005;94(1):5-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/145749690509400103 https://doi.org/10.1177/1457496905094001... 27. AORN guidance statement: mass casualty, triage, and evacuation. AORN J. 2007;85(4):792-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60154-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60... ^- ²⁸28. Klein KR, Nagel NE. Mass medical evacuation: Hurricane Katrina and nursing experiences at the New Orleans airport. Disaster Manage Response. 2007;5(2):56-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dmr.2007.03.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dmr.2007.03.00... ^, ³¹31. Hudson TL, Morton R. Critical care transport in a combat environment: building tactical trauma transport teams before and during deployment. Crit Care Nurse. 2010;30(6):57-66. https://doi.org/10.4037/ccn2010390 https://doi.org/10.4037/ccn2010390... ^- ³²32. De Jong MJ, Benner R, Benner P, Richard ML, Kenny DJ, Kelley P, et al. Mass casualty care in an expeditionary environment: developing local knowledge and expertise in context. J Trauma Nurs. 2010;17(1):45-58. https://doi.org/10.1097/JTN.0b013e3181d914ed https://doi.org/10.1097/JTN.0b013e3181d9... ^, ⁴²42. Sandström L, Nilsson C, Juuso P, Engström Å. The helicopter as a caring context: experiences of people suffering trauma. Int Emerg Nurs. 2017;32:34-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2016.09.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2016.09.0... ^, ⁴⁴44. Yanagawa Y, Ishikawa K, Takeuchi I, Nagasawa H, Jitsuiki K, Ohsaka H, et al. Should helicopters transport patients who become sick after a chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive attack? Air Med J. 2018;37(2):124-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2017.11.010 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2017.11.01... ⁾ .
	Tener la capacidad de gestionar complicaciones durante el vuelo ⁽ ²²22. Thomaz RR, Miranda MF, Souza GA, Gentil RC. Enfermeiro de bordo: uma profissão no ar. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Jan 10];12(1):86-96. Available from: https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298.pdf https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/... ^, ³⁶36. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Protocol of nursing care to traumatized patients in the aerospace environment: care before flight. Rev Bras Enferm. 2011;64(6):1056-66. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672011000600011 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201100... ⁾ .
	Utilizar instrumentos que garanticen la seguridad y salud del profesional (EPP y EPC) ⁽ ⁷7. Conselho Federal de Medicina (BR). Medicina aeroespacial: orientações gerais para médicos a bordo [Internet]. Brasília: CFM; 2018 [cited 2022 Jan 13];2(1):152-71. Available from: http://portal.cfm.org.br/images/PDF/cartilhaaeroespcaial2018.pdf http://portal.cfm.org.br/images/PDF/cart... ^, ⁴⁰40. Morton R, Krakover B, Hudson T, Alexander B. Casualty evacuation: an innovative role for emergency nurses. J Emerg Nurs. 2013;39(6):576-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.08.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.08.00... ⁾ .
	Realizar anamnesis y examen físico dirigido, y establecer el proceso de Enfermería ⁽ ²⁰20. Wrobleski DS, Vukov LF. Training of flight nurses on fixed-wing air ambulance services. Air Med J. 1996;15(4):158-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1067-991X(96)90023-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1067-991X(96)90... ^, ²⁵25. Grissom TE, Farmer JC. The provision of sophisticated critical care beyond the hospital: lessons from physiology and military experiences that apply to civil disaster medical response. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(1):S13-21. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000151063.85112.5A https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.000015106... ^, ³⁶36. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Protocol of nursing care to traumatized patients in the aerospace environment: care before flight. Rev Bras Enferm. 2011;64(6):1056-66. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672011000600011 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201100... ^, ³⁸38. Franco YE, De Lorenzo RA, Salyer SW. Emergent interfacility evacuation of critical care patients in combat. Air Med J. 2012;31(4):185-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2011.09.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2011.09.00... ^- ³⁹39. Minnick JM, Bebarta VS, Stanton M, Lairet JR, King J, Torres P, et al. The incidence of fever in US Critical Care Air Transport Team combat trauma patients evacuated from the theater between March 2009 and March 2010. J Emerg Nurs. 2013;39(6):e101-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.02.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.02.00... ^, ⁴¹41. Elliott B. Military nurses’ experiences returning from war. J Adv Nurs. 2015;71(5):1066-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12588 https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12588... ⁾ .
	Brindarle apoyo psicoemocional al paciente durante el transporte ⁽ ⁴4. Lourenço MB, Pinto CM, Silva OC Junior, Lourenço LH, Paes GO, Oliveira AB. The inclusion of Brazilian flight female nurses in the second world war: challenges and achievements. Esc Anna Nery. 2017;21(4):e20170008. https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2017-0008 https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-20... ^, ²¹21. Gentil RC. Historical and organizational aspect of aeromedical transport: the assistance dynamics. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 1997;31:452-67. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-62341997000300008 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-6234199700... ^- ²²22. Thomaz RR, Miranda MF, Souza GA, Gentil RC. Enfermeiro de bordo: uma profissão no ar. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Jan 10];12(1):86-96. Available from: https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298.pdf https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/... ^, ³⁶36. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Protocol of nursing care to traumatized patients in the aerospace environment: care before flight. Rev Bras Enferm. 2011;64(6):1056-66. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672011000600011 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201100... ^, ⁴²42. Sandström L, Nilsson C, Juuso P, Engström Å. The helicopter as a caring context: experiences of people suffering trauma. Int Emerg Nurs. 2017;32:34-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2016.09.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2016.09.0... ⁾ .
	Realizar procedimientos de diversa complejidad durante el vuelo, según la condición clínica del paciente ⁽ ⁷7. Conselho Federal de Medicina (BR). Medicina aeroespacial: orientações gerais para médicos a bordo [Internet]. Brasília: CFM; 2018 [cited 2022 Jan 13];2(1):152-71. Available from: http://portal.cfm.org.br/images/PDF/cartilhaaeroespcaial2018.pdf http://portal.cfm.org.br/images/PDF/cart... ^, ⁹9. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20... ^, ²²22. Thomaz RR, Miranda MF, Souza GA, Gentil RC. Enfermeiro de bordo: uma profissão no ar. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Jan 10];12(1):86-96. Available from: https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298.pdf https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/... ^- ²³23. Rocha PK, Prado ML, Radünz V, Wosny AM. Nursing care in pre-hospital attendiment service and airmedical removal. Rev Bras Enferm. 2003;56(6):695-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672003000600022 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167200300... ^, ²⁵25. Grissom TE, Farmer JC. The provision of sophisticated critical care beyond the hospital: lessons from physiology and military experiences that apply to civil disaster medical response. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(1):S13-21. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000151063.85112.5A https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.000015106... ^, ²⁷27. AORN guidance statement: mass casualty, triage, and evacuation. AORN J. 2007;85(4):792-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60154-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60... 28. Klein KR, Nagel NE. Mass medical evacuation: Hurricane Katrina and nursing experiences at the New Orleans airport. Disaster Manage Response. 2007;5(2):56-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dmr.2007.03.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dmr.2007.03.00... 29. Björnsson HM, Kristjánsson M, Möller AD. Converted charter plane for mass transport of patients after a tsunami. Air Med J. 2008;27(6):293-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2008.06.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2008.06.00... ^- ³⁰30. Collins ST. Emergency medical support units to critical care transport teams in Iraq. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2008;20(1):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2007.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2007.10.... ^, ³⁶36. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Protocol of nursing care to traumatized patients in the aerospace environment: care before flight. Rev Bras Enferm. 2011;64(6):1056-66. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672011000600011 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201100... ^, ³⁹39. Minnick JM, Bebarta VS, Stanton M, Lairet JR, King J, Torres P, et al. The incidence of fever in US Critical Care Air Transport Team combat trauma patients evacuated from the theater between March 2009 and March 2010. J Emerg Nurs. 2013;39(6):e101-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.02.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.02.00... ^, ⁴¹41. Elliott B. Military nurses’ experiences returning from war. J Adv Nurs. 2015;71(5):1066-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12588 https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12588... ^, ⁴⁸48. Masterson S, Deasy C, Doyle M, Hennelly D, Knox S, Sorensen J. What clinical crew competencies and qualifications are required for helicopter emergency medical services? A review of the literature. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2020;28:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-020-00722-z https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-020-00722... 49. Guénot P, Coudreuse M, Lely L, Granger-Veyron N. Helicopter rescue missions for emergency medical aid at sea: a new assignment for the French military medical service? Air Med J. 2021;40(4):225-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.01... ^- ⁵⁰50. Cheung AC, Lam RP, Fok PW, Ng EP, Chaang VK, Rainer TH. Predictors for in-flight medical interventions during helicopter interfacility transport in Hong Kong. Hong Kong J Emerg Med. 2022;29(5):296-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/10249079211030110 https://doi.org/10.1177/1024907921103011... ⁾ .
	Realizar intubación orotraqueal si es necesario ⁽ ⁵¹51. Thompson G, Miller B, Lenz TJ. Comparing intubation success between flight nurses and flight paramedics in helicopter emergency medical services. Air Med J. 2023;42(6):436-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2023.07.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2023.07.00... ⁾ .
DESPUÉS EL VUELO	Tener buena comunicación escrita para completar la documentación del paciente en un formulario o sistema específico, organizar y archivar los registros según el orden cronológico de los eventos ⁽ ¹⁹19. Bader GB, Terhorst M, Heilman P, DePalma JA. Characteristics of flight nursing practice. Air Med J. 1995;14(4):214-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)90005-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)900... ^, ²²22. Thomaz RR, Miranda MF, Souza GA, Gentil RC. Enfermeiro de bordo: uma profissão no ar. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Jan 10];12(1):86-96. Available from: https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298.pdf https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/... ^, ²⁶26. Leppäniemi A, Vuola J, Vornanen M. Surgery in the air - Evacuating Finnish tsunami victims from Thailand. Scand J Surg. 2005;94(1):5-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/145749690509400103 https://doi.org/10.1177/1457496905094001... ^, ³⁵35. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Nascimento KC, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Nursing care protocol for trauma patients in the aerospace environment: during and post-flight care. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2011;20(3):478-85. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-07072011000300008 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-0707201100... ^, ⁴⁰40. Morton R, Krakover B, Hudson T, Alexander B. Casualty evacuation: an innovative role for emergency nurses. J Emerg Nurs. 2013;39(6):576-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.08.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.08.00... ⁾ .
	Desarrollar una comunicación técnica clara mediante la descripción detallada del caso del paciente al equipo de salud en tierra, indicando todos los cambios e intervenciones realizadas antes y durante el vuelo ⁽ ¹⁹19. Bader GB, Terhorst M, Heilman P, DePalma JA. Characteristics of flight nursing practice. Air Med J. 1995;14(4):214-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)90005-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)900... ^, ²²22. Thomaz RR, Miranda MF, Souza GA, Gentil RC. Enfermeiro de bordo: uma profissão no ar. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Jan 10];12(1):86-96. Available from: https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298.pdf https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/... ^, ²⁶26. Leppäniemi A, Vuola J, Vornanen M. Surgery in the air - Evacuating Finnish tsunami victims from Thailand. Scand J Surg. 2005;94(1):5-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/145749690509400103 https://doi.org/10.1177/1457496905094001... ^, ⁴⁰40. Morton R, Krakover B, Hudson T, Alexander B. Casualty evacuation: an innovative role for emergency nurses. J Emerg Nurs. 2013;39(6):576-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.08.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.08.00... ⁾ .
	Desinfectar el equipamiento sanitario y reponer los materiales previstos para la próxima misión ⁽ ²²22. Thomaz RR, Miranda MF, Souza GA, Gentil RC. Enfermeiro de bordo: uma profissão no ar. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Jan 10];12(1):86-96. Available from: https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298.pdf https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/... ⁾ .