Formulation and characterization of potential composites filaments from PLA and tobacco stems for application in additive manufacturing

ABSTRACT

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) using polymers such as PLA and ABS are well known. However, the development of composite filaments for this type of additive manufacturing technology, as well as the study of processing parameters and properties resulting from extrusion process and printing still require investigation. This exploratory research aims to analyze chemical and thermal properties and the morphology of a composite filament from PLA polymer matrix and tobacco stems to seek its use in the FFF process. The materials used were waste of tobacco stems powder and PLA. Tobacco particles, with an average size of 50 ?m, have distribution on the filament. However, clusters of particles, bubbles and porosities were observed in the center of the filament. Fourier Transform Infrared analyses showed that the composite filament presented mechanical interaction between the materials. Thermal analyses allowed to verify that there was no degradation of tobacco stem powder. Therefore, chemical and physical integrity of the composite filament was kept at an extrusion temperature of 180 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that micronized particles of tobacco stems may have acted as nucleating agents for crystallization, increasing the crystallinity degree of the composite filament. It is recommended for future studies to increase the percentage of tobacco stems powder, the investigation of other methods for composites preparation, as well as a study of the addition of plasticizers or coupling agents to improve the interface between PLA and tobacco particles.

Keywords
3D printing; fused filament fabrication; additive manufacturing; composites; tobacco