LIGNOSULFONATE SPECIFICATIONS | |
---|---|
pH (10% solution) | 8.7 ± 0.8 |
Insolubles (w/w)% | Max. 0.1 |
Sodium (%) | 7 |
Calcium (%) | Max. 0.1 |
Chloride (%) | Max. 0.10 |
Alkali (%) | Max. 12 |
Reducing sugars (%) | 1 |
TREATMENT PROTOCOL | SPECIMEN DESIGNATION |
---|---|
1h immersion in water at 70 °C | Raw piassava |
1 h immersion in 5 wt.% SLS solution at 70 °C | PL-70-1h |
24 h immersion in 5 wt.% SLS solution at 25 °C | PL-24h |
1 h immersion in 5 wt.% SLS solution at 25 °C with ultrasonic irradiation | PL-1h-US |
SPECIMEN | DMAX (mm) | DMIN (mm) | DM (mm) | σ (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Raw Piassava | 753 | 316 | 463 | 104 |
PL-70-1h | 633 | 274 | 412 | 95 |
PL-24h | 677 | 247 | 432 | 90 |
PL-1h-US | 712 | 285 | 440 | 119 |
PEAK POSITION (DEGREES) | STRUCTURE | CRYSTALLINE PLANE |
---|---|---|
16 | Cellulose I | (1Ī0) [35[35] OVALLE-SERRANO, A.S., BLANCO-TIRADO, C., COMBARIZA, M.Y., “Exploring the composition of raw and delignified Colombian fique fibers, tow and pulp”, Cellulose (London, England), v. 25, n. 1, pp. 151–165, 2018. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1599-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1599-... , 36[36] FERREIRA, S.R., SILVA, F.A., LIMA, P.R.L., et al., “Effect of fiber treatments on the sisal fiber properties and fiber-matrix bond in cement based systems”, Construction & Building Materials, v. 101, pp. 730–740, 2015. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.120 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.20... ] |
22 | Cellulose I | (200) [35[35] OVALLE-SERRANO, A.S., BLANCO-TIRADO, C., COMBARIZA, M.Y., “Exploring the composition of raw and delignified Colombian fique fibers, tow and pulp”, Cellulose (London, England), v. 25, n. 1, pp. 151–165, 2018. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1599-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1599-... , 36[36] FERREIRA, S.R., SILVA, F.A., LIMA, P.R.L., et al., “Effect of fiber treatments on the sisal fiber properties and fiber-matrix bond in cement based systems”, Construction & Building Materials, v. 101, pp. 730–740, 2015. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.120 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.20... ] |
36 | Cellulose I | (004) [35[35] OVALLE-SERRANO, A.S., BLANCO-TIRADO, C., COMBARIZA, M.Y., “Exploring the composition of raw and delignified Colombian fique fibers, tow and pulp”, Cellulose (London, England), v. 25, n. 1, pp. 151–165, 2018. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1599-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1599-... , 36[36] FERREIRA, S.R., SILVA, F.A., LIMA, P.R.L., et al., “Effect of fiber treatments on the sisal fiber properties and fiber-matrix bond in cement based systems”, Construction & Building Materials, v. 101, pp. 730–740, 2015. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.120 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.20... ] |
SPECIMEN | I002 | Iam | Xc(%) |
---|---|---|---|
Raw piassava | 5517.965 | 3156.268 | 42.80 |
PL-70-1h | 5174.405 | 3069.004 | 40.69 |
PL-24h | 5143.455 | 3095.515 | 39.82 |
PL-1h-US | 5181.658 | 2982.124 | 42.45 |
Average: | 41.4 ± 1.4 |
SPECIMEN | PROPERTY | SAMPLE | AVERAGE | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |||
Raw Piassava | σu (MPa) | 357 | 236 | 457 | 390 | 484 | 450 | 201 | 550 | 558 | 175 | 386 ± 140 |
εu (adm) | 0.048 | 0.040 | 0.018 | 0.041 | 0.053 | 0.019 | 0.018 | 0.059 | 0.040 | 0.025 | 0.036 ± 0.015 | |
PL-70-1h | σu (MPa) | 179 | 158 | 260 | 600 | 356 | 403 | 414 | 338 | 340 | 644 | 369 ± 159 |
εu (adm) | 0.025 | 0.021 | 0.028 | 0.093 | 0.029 | 0.102 | 0.056 | 0.021 | 0.028 | 0.113 | 0.052 ± 0.037 | |
PL-24h | σu (MPa) | 377 | 446 | 333 | 490 | 480 | 261 | 239 | 365 | 360 | 308 | 366 ± 86 |
εu (adm) | 0.027 | 0.048 | 0.045 | 0.029 | 0.031 | 0.032 | 0.025 | 0.078 | 0.055 | 0.054 | 0.042 ± 0.017 | |
PL-1h-US | σu (MPa) | 584 | 414 | 520 | 598 | 381 | 767 | 578 | 562 | 331 | 502 | 524 ± 126 |
εu (adm) | 0.090 | 0.026 | 0.020 | 0.068 | 0.017 | 0.069 | 0.032 | 0.041 | 0.026 | 0.078 | 0.047 ± 0.027 |