Geopolymer concrete cured under ambient conditions using a single alkali activator

Raja, Mariyasoosai Arulraj; Sujatha, Simon Judes

doi:10.1590/1517-7076-RMAT-2024-0281

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Articles • Matéria (Rio J.) 29 (3) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-RMAT-2024-0281 copy

Geopolymer concrete cured under ambient conditions using a single alkali activator

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

In order to meet sustainability criteria and reduce carbon emissions associated with the production of cement and its related composites, it is necessary to completely replace Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with a new binding substance. This study focuses on a novel method of manufacturing geopolymer concrete by utilizing a single activator instead of the traditional two activators. An analysis was conducted on the mechanical properties and microstructure of geopolymer concrete made from several source materials, including Fly ash (FA), granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and nano silica (NS). The findings indicated that the mechanical characteristics of GPC, generated by combining 80% GGBS and 20% FA, using a single source alkali activation method under ambient curing conditions for 28 days, had superior performance compared to other mixtures. Additionally, there was a decrease in carbon emissions.

Keywords:
Carbon emission; Geo-polymer concrete; Single activator; SEM analysis

SL. NO	DIFFERENT MIX ID	OPC	FLY ASH (FA)%	GGBS%	NANO SILICA (NS)%
1	C	100	–	–	–
2	100 FA	–	100	–	–
3	100 G	–	–	100	–
4	80F20G	–	80	20	–
5	80F17G5NS	–	80	15	5
6	95F5NS	–	–	95	5
7	80G17F5NS	–	15	80	5

SL. No	CHARACTERISTICS OF MATERIALS	COARSE AGGREGATE (CA)	FINE AGGREGATE (FA)
1	Specific gravity (kg/m³)	2.61	2.5
2	Bulk density loose (kg/lt)	1563 kg/m³	1436 kg/m³
3	Fineness modulus	3.7	2.77
4	Water absorption (per unit by weight)	1.24%	Nil
5	Abrasion mass loss	18%	–
6	Silt content	–	3.14

SL. No	NAME OF THE MINERALS	FLY ASH (%)	GGBS (%)	NANO SILICA (%)	OPC
1	SiO₂	58.17	34.16	99.64	21.42
2	Al₂O₃	32.07	20.13	0.042	4.16
3	Fe₂O₃	3.16	0.92	0.002	3.86
4	CaO	2.27	34.62		63.26
5	SO₃	0.18	0.2		3.62
6	MgO	0.46	6.42		1.94
7	Na₂O	0.62	–	0.001	–
8	K₂O	0.66	–	0.004	0.42
9	TiO₂	–	–	0.002	–
10	LoI	2.41	3.55	0.309	1.32

NAME OF THE INGREDIENT	EMISSION FACTOR (CO₂) (kg CO₂-e/kg)	LITERATURE
Fly Ash	0	–
GGBS	0	–
Cement	0.8200	[27]
Fine aggregate	0.0139	[27]
Coarse aggregate	0.0050	[28]
Nano silica	0.135	[28]
NaOH	1.915	[30]
Concrete mixing and placing	0.0033	[27]

NAME OF THE MATERIAL	PRICE/m³ (INR)	PRICE/kg (INR)
OPC		5.40
Coarse aggregate	2600	1.66
Fine aggregate	4500	3.14
Fly ash		2.00
GGBS		2.15
NaOH		36.65
Nano silica		2800.00
Super plasticizer		106.00

MIX ID	SLUMP (mm)	AIR CONTENT (%)	DENSITY (kg/m³)
C	80	2.14	2486
100 FA	21	3.45	2146
100 G	5	3.87	2265
80F20G	16	3.14	2183
80F15G5NS	0	3.37	2168
95F5NS	0	3.23	2154
80G15F5NS	0	3.48	2219

MIX ID	CO₂ EMISSION (kg-Co₂-eq)	% OF REDUCTION
C	20.47	–
100 FA	7.62	62.77
100 G	7.62	62.77
80F20G	7.62	62.77
80F15G5NS	7.70	62.38
95F5NS	7.69	62.43

Laboratório de Hidrogênio, Coppe - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, em cooperação com a Associação Brasileira do Hidrogênio, ABH2 Av. Moniz Aragão, 207, 21941-594, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Tel: +55 (21) 3938-8791 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: revmateria@gmail.com

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[1] Corresponding Author: Simon Judes Sujatha, e-mail: antojosephraja@gmail.com, judessujatha@ucen.ac.in