Behavioural study of FLGQ and Country burnt clay brick prism in stack and staggered bond subjected to uni axial loading

Sankar, Pramod; Kumar, Muthuswamy Saraswathi Ravi

doi:10.1590/1517-7076-RMAT-2024-0393

Brasil

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Articles • Matéria (Rio J.) 29 (4) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-RMAT-2024-0393 linkcopy

Behavioural study of FLGQ and Country burnt clay brick prism in stack and staggered bond subjected to uni axial loading

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study's primary goal is to examine how brick type and power of mortar affect the strength of the prism masonry. The research further aims in evaluating various parameters influencing MCS. This study delves deeply into the findings of an investigation into the impact of several factors on prism strength, including strain at peak stress, h/t ratio of the prism, volume percentage of brick, modulus of elasticity and stacked and staggered bricks. A framework to calculate prisms' compressive strength is being devised based on regression analysis of experimental results. Regarding FLGQ bricks and Country burnt bricks, suggested model-based prediction has an accuracy of 98% and 66.86%, respectively. This demonstrates how well the suggested model works to forecast the prism MCS. This study also looks at the other characteristics of FLGQ brick and rural burnt clay bricks, as well as their uniaxial monotonic compressive stress-strain behaviour.

Keywords:
Compressive strength; Stress-strain behaviour; Modulus of elasticity; Regression analysis; Brick types

NOMENCLATURE
Pcs	Prism compressive strength
fb	Brick compressive strength
fm	Mortar compressive strength
VFb	volume fraction of brick
H	Prism height
t	prism thickness
VmH	volume ratio of bed joint to mortar

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION	TYPE	COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH	DIMENSION
Cement	Ordinary Portland cement 43 Grade	7^th day 33 MPa >28^th day 43 MPa
Fine aggregate	River sand conforming to Zone II of IS 383 [²³]
Bricks	Country burnt clay brick	6.1 MPa	200 mm × 96 mm × 65 mm
	FLGQ	12 MPA at 56th day	210 mm × 100 mm × 70 mm
Mortar	M5 (1:5)	22.1 MPa at 28th day	50 mm² cubes
	M6 (1:6)	21.3 MPa at 28th day	50 mm² cubes
	M8 (1:8)	18.2 MPa at 28th day	50 mm² cubes

REFERENCE	MASONRY UNIT TYPE	BLOCK STRENGTH (MPA)	MORTAR TYPE	MORTAR STRENGTH (MPA)	EQUATIONS
Brocker [⁴]	Clay bricks	–	–	–
Mann [¹⁰]	Concrete blocks, lime and stones and bricks	–	–	–
Hendry and Malek [¹¹]	–	–	–	–
Dayaratnam [¹²]	–	–	–	–
Dymiotis and Gutlederer [¹³]	Clay bricks	10–174	–	0.5–49	Pc = 0.3266 fb (1 − 0.0027 fb 0.0147 fm)
Gumaste et al. [¹⁴]	Bricks table mounted and wire cut	3–23	Cement - soil - sand	0.8–16
Kaushik et al. [¹]	Clay bricks	16.1–28.9	Cement - lime - sand	3.1–20.6
Sarhat and Sherwood [²¹]	Hollow cement blocks	8.9–45.6	Cement lime-sand	3.65–26.9
Costigan [²²]	Fired clay bricks	12.75–15.0	Cement - lime - sand	7.7–9.46	$P c = 0.46 f_{b}^{0.50} f_{m}^{0.50}$

SL No	DESIGNATION	FB (mpa)	FM (mpa)	h/t	Vfb	VmH	PCS (Mpa)
FLGQ Brick
1	P3NM5	12	22.1	2.5	0.89	1	6.66
2	P4NM5	12	22.1	3.25	0.91	1	6.88
3	P5NM5	12	22.1	4.1	0.9	1	6.5
4	P6NM5	12	22.1	5	0.89	1	6.27
5	P3NM6	12	21.3	2.5	0.89	1	6.51
6	P4NM6	12	21.3	3.25	0.91	1	6.37
7	P5NM6	12	21.3	4.1	0.9	1	6.34
8	P6NM6	12	21.3	5	0.89	1	6.16
9	P3NM8	12	18.2	2.5	0.89	1	6.4
10	P4NM8	12	18.2	3.25	0.91	1	6.26
11	P5NM8	12	18.2	4.1	0.9	1	6.23
12	P6NM8	12	18.2	5	0.89	1	6.07
13	P3JM5	12	22.1	2.5	0.87	0.89	6.51
14	P4JM5	12	22.1	3.25	0.89	0.82	6.67
15	P5JM5	12	22.1	4.1	0.88	0.85	6.4
16	P6JM5	12	22.1	5	0.86	0.85	6.13
17	P3JM6	12	21.3	2.5	0.87	0.89	6.35
18	P4JM6	12	21.3	3.25	0.89	0.82	6.31
19	P5JM6	12	21.3	4.1	0.88	0.85	6.23
20	P6JM6	12	21.3	5	0.86	0.85	6.13
21	P3JM8	12	18.2	2.5	0.87	0.89	6.21
22	P4JM8	12	18.2	3.25	0.89	0.82	6.19
23	P5JM8	12	18.2	4.1	0.88	0.85	6.14
24	P6JM8	12	18.2	5	0.86	0.85	6.02
Country Burnt Clay Brick
25	B3NM5	6.3	22.1	2.1	0.97	1	4.48
26	B4NM5	6.3	22.1	3.01	0.9	1	4.89
27	B5NM5	6.3	22.1	3.71	0.92	1	4.81
28	B6NM5	6.3	22.1	4.46	0.92	1	4.29
29	B3NM6	6.3	21.3	2.1	0.97	1	4.77
30	B4NM6	6.3	21.3	3.01	0.9	1	4.72
31	B5NM6	6.3	21.3	3.71	0.92	1	4.62
32	B6NM6	6.3	21.3	4.46	0.92	1	4.11
33	B3NM8	6.3	18.2	2.1	0.97	1	4.71
34	B4NM8	6.3	18.2	3.01	0.9	1	4.66
35	B5NM8	6.3	18.2	3.71	0.92	1	4.55
36	B6NM8	6.3	18.2	4.46	0.92	1	4.04
37	B3JM5	6.3	22.1	2.1	0.96	0.71	4.72
38	B4JM5	6.3	22.1	3.01	0.87	0.83	4.72
39	B5JM5	6.3	22.1	3.71	0.89	0.84	4.46
40	B6JM5	6.3	22.1	4.46	0.88	0.82	3.71
41	B3JM6	6.3	21.3	2.1	0.96	0.71	4.6
42	B4JM6	6.3	21.3	3.01	0.87	0.83	4.55
43	B5JM6	6.3	21.3	3.71	0.89	0.84	4.26
44	B6JM6	6.3	21.3	4.46	0.88	0.82	3.49
45	B3JM8	6.3	18.2	2.1	0.96	0.71	4.49
46	B4JM8	6.3	18.2	3.01	0.87	0.83	4.46
47	B5JM8	6.3	18.2	3.71	0.89	0.84	4.21
48	B6JM8	6.3	18.2	4.46	0.88	0.82	3.44

SL NO	MORTAR MIX	SPECIMEN	COMPRESSIVE STRESS RANGE	STRAIN AT PEAK STRESS	RANGE OF INITIAL TANGENT MODULUS
1	M5	P3N	0.12–5.24	0.00352	1015–5952
		P4N	0.12–5.71	0.00440	896–2976
		P5N	0.12–4.21	0.00501	599–3337
		P6N	0.47–4.56	0.00202	206–2124
2	M6	P3N	0.12–4.76	0.00397	926–5952
		P4N	0.12–4.44	0.00397	620–3015
		P5N	0.12–3.74	0.00719	396–2596
		P6N	0.47–4.21	0.02000	148–1669
3	M8	P3N	0.12–3.81	0.00461	650–2976
		P4N	0.12–4.09	0.00523	630–2983
		P5N	0.12–3.50	0.00864	363–2430
		P6N	0.47–3.74	0.0267	116–1298
4	M5	P3J	0.12–5.24	0.00426	950–5952
		P4J	0.12–4.91	0.00440	744–3186
		P5J	0.12–4.21	0.00501	613–2747
		P6J	0.48–4.56	0.02202	146–2164
5	M6	P3J	0.12–4.76	0.00397	766–5102
		P4J	0.12–4.67	0.00538	673–3014
		P5J	0.12–4.21	0.00759	394–2596
		P6J	0.47–4.32	0.02815	109–1797
6	M8	P3J	0.12–4.05	0.00461	588–2976
		P4J	0.12–4.44	0.00597	628–2982
		P5J	0.12–3.74	0.00769	374–2429
		P6J	0.47–3.74	0.02601	98–1557

PARAMETER	F – VALUE	P - VALUE	F - CRITICAL
f_b	65.53 × 10³	1.06 × 10^-34	2.01
f_m	0.014	1.065 × 10^-23	4.44 × 10^-16
h/t	0.047	3.35 × 10^-11	1.73 × 10^-3
Vf_b	187	1.31 × 10^-34	2.01

SL NO	REFERENCE	TYPE OF UNIT	COUNTRY OF ORIGIN	NUMBER OF DATA SETS	FB (MPa)	FM (MPa)	h/t	VFb	VmH	PCS (MPa)
1	presnet-study	FLGQ Bricks	India	24	12	18.2–22.1	2.5–5	0.86–0.91	0.82–1.00	6.02–6.88
1	presnet-study	Country burnt clay bricks	India	24	6.3	18.2–22.1	2.1–4.46	0.87–0.97	0.71–1.00	3.44–4.89
2	Ravula et al. [⁴⁵]	Soft clay Bricks (Wire cut)	India	2	14	9.4–30.0	3.9	0.897	1.0000	5.8–8.0
3	Singh and Munjal [²⁶]	Burnt clay bricks	India	12	8.2–16.7	12.7–20.9	3.84–5.4	0.896–0.919	1.0000	2.1–11.6
4	Zhou et al. [³⁰]	Hollow concrete blocks	China	12	23.2–36.8	5.6–13.7	3.10–5.20	0.950–0.958	0.732–.804	10.2–27.0
5	Balasubramaniam et al. [²⁷]	Clay bricks	India	1	5.3	19.14	1.93	0.893	1.000	2.8
6	Vindhyashree et al. [²⁵]	Solid concrete blocks	India	3	5.6	4.2	2.8	0.893	1.000	4.0–4.8
7	Lumantarna et al. [⁴³]	Vintage solid clay bricks	New Zealand	14	8.5–43.4	0.7–12.5	2.53	0.886	1.000	6.51–30.7
8	Nagarajam et al. [²⁸]	Burnt clay bricks (Handmade)	India	3	3.6	11.8–18.2	2.45	0.918	1.000	1.9–2.4
9	Thamboo [⁴⁶]	Hollow concrete blocks	Australia	4	12.7	3.6–4.8	4.06–4.33	0.923–0.984	1.000	6.9–10.1
10	Vimala and Kumaraswamy [²⁵]	Stabilized mud blocks	India	6	3.1	.3–6.4	2.13	0.902	1.000	0.7–1.6
11	Reddy et al. [⁴⁷]	Compressed earth bricks	India	4	8.3	3.5	3.66–4.34	0.806–0.954	1.000	3.2–3.9
12	Kaushik et al. [¹]	Clay bricks	India	12	16.1–28.9	3.1–20.6	3.63	0.9	1.000	2.9–8.5
13	Gumaste et al. [¹⁴]	Bricks (Table mounted and wire cut	India	6	5.7–23	0.9–12.2	4.00–4.38	0.887	1.000	1.3–10.0
14	Mohammed et al. [²⁹]	Hollow concrete blocks	Portugal	6	18.2-27	2.9–19.9	2.3	0.955	1.000	7.5–11.7
15	Brencich and Gambarotta [⁴⁸]	Solid clay bricks	Italy	2	18.7	11.4–14.7	2.46	0.815	1.000	3.9–13.5
16	Bakhteri and Sambasivam [³²]	Solid clay bricks	Malaysia	6	56.6	6.3	3.91–4.4	0.805–0.917	1.000	9.1–16.9
18	Ip [⁴⁹]	Flagstone, Solid clay bricks	Australia	4	33–103	14.4–21.1	3.17–3.44	0.755–0.774	1.000	11.0–41.0
19	Hossein et al. [⁵⁰]	Burnt clay bricks	Bangladesh	1	66.15	12.5	3.47	0.865	1.000	18.2
20	Vermeltfoort [⁵¹]	Soft mud bricks, Perforated Soft Mud Bricks, Wire cut Bricks, Calcium Silicate Bricks	Netherlands	29	27–127	4.0–48.0	3.40-5.00	0.853–0.949	1.000	3.9–39.8
21	McNary and Abrams [³⁷]	Standard Modular Paver, Modular Cored Unit	USA	8	69.8–101.7	3.4–52.6	3.54	0.873–0.925	1.000	19.7–48.2
22	Francis et al. [³¹]	Solid Bricks, Perforated Bricks	Australia	33	55.6–65.7	6.4	3.00–3.50	0.795–0.928	1.000	7.8–21.9
	Total			216	3.1–127	0.3–52.6	1.93–5.40	0.755–0.984	0.71–1.000	0.7–48.2

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