Coevolução tecnológica no setor de energia elétrica

Name Institution E-mail Age Education Time in the institution People in the project Time of project Phase of project Contracting expertise External/internal training Suppliers' technical support Feedback Contact with competitors Interplay with sector Congress participation Experimenting Codification Networking Autonomy Monitoring Social performance Financial performance Environmental performance

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Seq. Learning characteristics 1 Experience contracting 2 Extramural education and training programs 3 Technical assistance, consulting services and licensing agreements 4 Technical support to suppliers 5 Feedback and technical support for users or clients 6 Finding specialized knowhow sources 7 Monitoring competition 8 Implementing R&D facilities in knowhow rich places abroad 9 R&D-based interplay with universities and research institutes 10 R&D-based interplay with suppliers 11 R&D-based interplay with users 12 R&D-based interplay with competitors 13 Knowhow exchange with competitors 14 Active participation in scientific and technical conferences, workshops and meetings 15 In-house training 16 Operational trials 17 Design and engineering trials 18 Research and development trials 19 Sharing/socialization knowledge 20 Drafting handbooks with operating procedures and regulations 21 Interplay with own members of organization 22 Expertise 23 Corporate acquisition 24 Joint venture 25 Extramural training report 26 Preparing extramural training modules

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Interview evidence Learning Networking Autonomy Capabilities Subsidiaries The executive sector of a certain project was shown-the interplay between members apparent The university partnership enables a higher technical and theoretical degree for developing corporate solutions "All autonomy is our own, the group only sets the format" Evidence of a timeline posted in one of the company rooms showing evolution of the R&D sector Favorable working environment for all interplay between all members of the R&D sector The vast majority of projects consists of only one person from the subsidiary, which only manages it. "The company today is leaving the formalization level - that painstaking work-now reaching a level of creating ideas" Some articles published in an Aneel R&D journal were shown The projects are chosen by Aneel and the main selection factor is financial "It once used to be only a question of obligation, just for the sake of doing it" Evidence of publicity material of the project for society "There's a system that throws the subsidiary's requirement and the interested institutions do the project and send it" Some managers specialized and achieved master's degree through R&D Partner companies "Before projects had more or less nine employees but today they have more than 20" After the partnership, it had the opportunity to participate in some congresses and disseminate not only the project on which it is working but also the actual company. A report was shown sent to the subsidiary at conference and project follow-up level "Now the company has credibility for development and innovation" Favorable working environment for full interplay between all R&D sector members "The partnership helped to kick start the company" It adopts what was proposed in the initial project and at periodic meetings with the subsidiary's manager, but actually only to fulfill the expected; implementation is quite autonomous "The product created a global patent shared with the subsidiary"-it was shown Until then the company was focused only on the commercial side, now it has also expanded to the academic field Embeddedness with research centers, institutes and universities to work on projects together "The company now has know how to operate in the energy efficiency area" Some photos were seen of the trial phase when developing the project-partner company from Rio and subsidiary from Ceará

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Levels	Concept
Passive	Focused only on production and operation. Equipment use and troubleshooting.
Active	Participation in knowhow production. Undertaking more complex technological activities. New technology production, R& D project development and participation in partners' R&D efforts.
Strategic	Technology exchange and transfer.

Actors/quantity	Number of interviews/visits
	Face-to-face interviews	Skype interview	Visits	Total
Company 2	4	0	3	7
Company 1	6	0	3	9
Partner Companies (11)	11	2	8	21
Research Institute (4)	4	2	2	8
University (3)	4	1	3	8
Research Center (2)	2	1	1	4
Association (2)	5	1	3	9
NGO (1)	1	1	0	2
Research Core (1)	1	1	0	2
Foundation (1)	1	1	0	2
Total	39	10	23	72

Actors	Company 2	Company 1	Total
Partner Companies	5	14	19
Research Institute	4	3	7
University	3	5	8
Research Center	0	6	6
Association	0	5	5
NGO	0	1	1
Research Core	0	1	1
Foundation	0	1	1
Total	12	36	48

Variables	Partner companies			Subsidiaries
	Before	During	After	Before	During	After
Learning	2.40	5.27	2.52	1.70	7.23	4.07
Accumulation	3.1	3.8	3.2	2.1	3.7	3.2
Socialization	4.2	7.2	3.75	3.0	9.0	9.0
Codification	0	4.8	0.6	0.0	9.0	0.0
Network	3.6	6.2	6.8	3	6	8
Autonomy	9	9	9	9.0	9.0	9.0
Embeddedness	15	20.47	18.32	13.7	22.23	21.07

SME/Subsidiary	Levels of technological capabilities
	Before	During	After
SMEs
Value	3	3	4
Level	Generative	Generative	Strategic
Subsidiaries
Value	2	3	4
Level	Assimilative	Generative	Strategic

Seq.	Learning characteristics
1	Experience contracting
2	Extramural education and training programs
3	Technical assistance, consulting services and licensing agreements
4	Technical support to suppliers
5	Feedback and technical support for users or clients
6	Finding specialized knowhow sources
7	Monitoring competition
8	Implementing R&D facilities in knowhow rich places abroad
9	R&D-based interplay with universities and research institutes
10	R&D-based interplay with suppliers
11	R&D-based interplay with users
12	R&D-based interplay with competitors
13	Knowhow exchange with competitors
14	Active participation in scientific and technical conferences, workshops and meetings
15	In-house training
16	Operational trials
17	Design and engineering trials
18	Research and development trials
19	Sharing/socialization knowledge
20	Drafting handbooks with operating procedures and regulations
21	Interplay with own members of organization
22	Expertise
23	Corporate acquisition
24	Joint venture
25	Extramural training report
26	Preparing extramural training modules

	Interview evidence
	Learning	Networking	Autonomy	Capabilities
Subsidiaries	The executive sector of a certain project was shown-the interplay between members apparent	The university partnership enables a higher technical and theoretical degree for developing corporate solutions	"All autonomy is our own, the group only sets the format"	Evidence of a timeline posted in one of the company rooms showing evolution of the R&D sector
	Favorable working environment for all interplay between all members of the R&D sector		The vast majority of projects consists of only one person from the subsidiary, which only manages it.	"The company today is leaving the formalization level - that painstaking work-now reaching a level of creating ideas"
	Some articles published in an Aneel R&D journal were shown		The projects are chosen by Aneel and the main selection factor is financial	"It once used to be only a question of obligation, just for the sake of doing it"
	Evidence of publicity material of the project for society		"There's a system that throws the subsidiary's requirement and the interested institutions do the project and send it"
	Some managers specialized and achieved master's degree through R&D
Partner companies	"Before projects had more or less nine employees but today they have more than 20"	After the partnership, it had the opportunity to participate in some congresses and disseminate not only the project on which it is working but also the actual company.	A report was shown sent to the subsidiary at conference and project follow-up level	"Now the company has credibility for development and innovation"
	Favorable working environment for full interplay between all R&D sector members	"The partnership helped to kick start the company"	It adopts what was proposed in the initial project and at periodic meetings with the subsidiary's manager, but actually only to fulfill the expected; implementation is quite autonomous	"The product created a global patent shared with the subsidiary"-it was shown
	Until then the company was focused only on the commercial side, now it has also expanded to the academic field	Embeddedness with research centers, institutes and universities to work on projects together		"The company now has know how to operate in the energy efficiency area"
	Some photos were seen of the trial phase when developing the project-partner company from Rio and subsidiary from Ceará

[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail:camila.franco@coppead.ufrj.br (C. Franco).

Brasil

Brasil

Coevolução tecnológica no setor de energia elétrica

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