Hemoglobin concentrations and associated factors in adolescentes from
               Recife, Brazil

Mendonça, Elisângela Barros Soares; Muniz, Lilian Ferreira; Arruda, Ilma Kruze Grande de; Diniz, Alcides da Silva

doi:10.1590/1415-52732014000500003

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Original Articles • Rev. Nutr. 27 (5) • Sep-Oct 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1415-52732014000500003 copy

Hemoglobin concentrations and associated factors in adolescentes from Recife, Brazil¹ 1 Article based on the doctoral dissertation of EBS MENDONÇA, intitled "Concentrações de hemoglobina em adolescentes e sua associação com as habilidades de ordenação temporal e atenção auditiva". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; 2013

Concentrações de hemoglobina e fatores associados em adolescentes de Recife

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

To estimate the prevalence of anemia and associated factors in adolescents from the city of Recife in Pernambuco state.

METHODS:

This is a cross-sectional study, involving a random sample of 256 adolescents of both genders, aged 13 to 18, whose hemoglobin concentrations were evaluated, along with their nutritional status and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of inadequate hemoglobin concentrations was 10.2% [CI95%=6.7-14.5], reaching levels considered as mild anemia (9 g/dL <hemoglobin <12 g/dL). Female students had lower mean hemoglobin concentrations in all age groups (p<0.001). No association was observed between hemoglobin concentrations and nutritional status (p>0.05), nor with socioeconomic or demographic characteristics (p>0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Although the prevalence of anemia was low and classified as a mild health problem, preventive nutrition education involving the dissemination of healthy eating habits in schools and encouraging the consumption of iron-rich foods are strongly recommended.

Anemia; Adolescent; Nutritional status; Epidemiology; Socioeconomic factors

Variables	n	%	95%CI

Gender
Male	107	41,8	35.60	- 48.1
Female	149	58,2	51.96	- 64.3
Age (years)
13-15	105	41,0	34.90	- 47.3
15-17	106	41,4	35.30	- 47.7
17-18	45	17,6	13.10	- 22.8
School series
Elementary school	150	60,2	53.80	- 66.3
Secondary school	99	39,8	33.60	- 46.1
School year repetition
Yes	103	40,4	34.30	- 46.7
No	152	59,6	53.30	- 65.7
Education level
Father
≤8 years	114	64,0	56.50	- 71.1
>8 years	64	36,0	28.90	- 43.5
Mother
≤8 years	155	70,4	63.90	- 76.4
>8 years	65	29,5	23.60	- 36.0
Socio-economic level ¹
B₂ and C₁	108	46,9	40.40	- 53.6
^C2	92	40,0	33.60	- 46.6
D	30	13,1	8.90 - 18.1
Nutritional condition
Height/age²
Low	7	3,1	0.8 - 5.4
Satisfactory	212	94,6	91.7 - 97.5
High	5	2,3	0.40	- 4.2
BMI/age ³
Underweight	13	5,8	2.80	- 8.8
Eutrophic	158	70,5	64.60	- 76.4
Overweight	53	23,7	18.10	- 29.3

Variables					Hemoglobin concentrations (g/dL)^*
Variables				n			SD	_p **

						X
Gender
Male				107	14.2		1.0	0.00
Female				149	12.9		0.7
Age (years)
13-15				105	13.3		1.0
15-17				106	13.6		1.2	0.27¹
17-18				45	13.4		1.2
School series
Elementary school				150	13.4		1.1	0.98
Secondary school				99	13.4		1.1	0.98
Secondary school				99	13.4		1.1
School year repetition
Yes				103	13.5		1.2	0.53
No				152	13.4		1.0	0.53
No				152	13.4		1.0
Education level
Father
≤8 years				114	13.5		1.1	0.18
>8 years				64	13.2		1.0	0.18
>8 years				64	13.2		1.0
Mother
≤8 years				155	13.4		1.2	0.76
>8 years				65	13.4		1.0	0.76
>8 years				65	13.4		1.0
Socioeconomic level ²
B		and C	1	108	13.3³		[12.7 to 14.1]⁴
2			1
C	2			92	13.4³		[12.6 to 14.3]⁴	0.97⁵
	2
D				30	13.2³		[12.3 to 14.7]⁴
Nutritional condition
Height/age ²
Low⁶				7	13.7		1.2	0.87
Satisfactory				212	13.5		1.1	0.87
Satisfactory				212	13.5		1.1
High				5	13.4		0.6
BMI/age ³
Underweight				13	13.6		1.1
Eutrophic				158	13.4		1.1	0.82
Overweight⁷				53	13.5		1.2

			Hemoglobin (g/dL)
Age (years)						_p **
Age (years)		Male		Female		_p **
	n	X ± SD^*		n	X ± SD^*
13-15	2	14.0	± 1.0	6	12.9 ± 0.7	<0.01
15-17	3	14.4	±1.0	9	12.9 ± 0.8	<0.001
17-18	1	14.6	± 0.8	5	12.8 ± 0.8	<0.001

Total	6	14.3	± 1.0	20	12.9 ± 0.8	<0.001

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[1] CONTRIBUTORS EBS MENDONÇA Author of the thesis, responsible for the conception, design, data collection, tabulation and analysis and article write-up. LF MUNIZ Co-supervisor who contributed with data collection and article write-up. IKG ARRUDA Fieldwork coordinator, who contributed towards the data collection, study design and article write-up. AS DINIZ Main supervisor of the research who provided orientation on the tabulation, statistical analysis and write-up of the manuscript and contributed towards data analysis.