Food consumption, overweight, obesity, and sociodemographic profile in a Brazilian capital: a time trend analysis between 2006 and 2018

SILVA, Luiza Eunice Sá da; CALDEIRA, Thaís Cristina Marquezine; CLARO, Rafael Moreira

doi:10.1590/1678-9865202134e200159

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Brasil

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Sumário

ORIGINAL • Rev Nutr 34 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202134e200159 copy

Food consumption, overweight, obesity, and sociodemographic profile in a Brazilian capital: a time trend analysis between 2006 and 2018

Consumo alimentar, excesso de peso, obesidade e perfil sociodemográfico em uma capital brasileira: uma análise de tendência temporal entre 2006 e 2018

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

To analyze the time trend of sociodemographic characteristics and the prevalence of food consumption, overweight, and obesity variables among adults in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, between 2006 and 2018.

Methods

A time series study involving data from the Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel, Surveillance System of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey), between 2006 and 2018 in Belo Horizonte (n=25,443). The annual prevalence of the population’s sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age groups, and years of schooling), and risk and protective factors for chronic diseases related to food consumption and nutritional status were estimated. Prais-Winsten regression models were used to investigate the temporal variation of each variable.

Results

From 2006 to 2018, there was a significant increase in the age and educational level of the adult population of Belo Horizonte. In the same period, the prevalence of recommended consumption of fruits and vegetables increased (from 23.0% to 29.2%), while that of consumption of fat-rich meat and regular consumption of soft drinks decreased (respectively, from 41.9% to 38.0%; from 35.3% to 15.2%). In parallel, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased (respectively, from 38.5% to 53.3%; from 9.8% to 17.2%).

Conclusions

An important change in the population’s sociodemographic profile was noted. There are also favorable changes regarding the investigated aspects of food consumption, without these being sufficient to prevent the significant increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the population.

Keywords
Food Consumption; Health surveys; Obesity; Public health

Variables		2006 n=2,013	2007 n=2,010	2008 n=2,016	2009 n=2,011	2010 n=2,007	2011 n=2,006	2012 n=1,811	2013 n=1,956	2014 n=1,519	2015 n=2,007	2016 n=2,004	2017 n=2,008	2018 n=2,072	Average annual variation (%)^* * Corresponding to the Prais-Winsten regression coefficient of the variable over the survey year;
Sex
	Male	45.8	45.8	45.8	45.8	45.8	45.8	45.7	45.7	45.7	45.7	45.6	45.6	45.6	-0.05^ p<0.05.
	Female	54.2	54.2	54.2	54.2	54.2	54.2	54.3	54.3	54.3	54.3	54.4	54.4	54.4	0.04^ p<0.05.
Age
	18 to 24	18.0	17.6	17.1	16.6	16.2	15.8	15.3	14.9	14.5	14.1	13.7	13.3	12.9	-2.76^ p<0.05.
	25 to 34	24.5	24.5	24.5	24.5	24.4	24.4	24.4	24.3	24.3	24.2	24.2	24.1	24.0	-0.16^ p<0.05.
	35 to 44	20.2	19.9	19.7	19.4	19.1	18.9	18.6	18.3	18.1	17.8	17.5	17.2	17.0	-1.44^ p<0.05.
	45 to 54	16.4	16.6	16.8	17.0	17.2	17.4	17.6	17.8	18.0	18.2	18.4	18.6	18.8	1.14^ p<0.05.
	55 to 64	10.6	10.9	11.1	11.4	11.7	11.9	12.2	12.4	12.7	13.0	13.3	13.5	13.8	2.15^ p<0.05.
	65 or more	10.3	10.6	10.8	11.1	11.3	11.6	11.9	12.1	12.4	12.7	13.0	13.2	13.5	2.24^ p<0.05.
Educational level (years of schooling)
	0 to 8	44.8	43.8	41.1	40.4	39.7	37.2	35.4	35.4	33.9	33.4	31.0	30.5	28.9	-3.55^ p<0.05.
	9 to 11	31.9	33.9	35.5	35.9	34.8	37.1	38.0	36.8	37.8	37.4	36.3	36.0	35.7	0.80^ p<0.05.
	12 or more	23.3	22.3	23.4	23.7	25.5	25.7	26.6	27.7	28.3	29.2	32.7	33.5	35.4	3.74^ p<0.05.

Variables		2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	Average annual variation (%)^* * Corresponding to the Prais-Winsten regression coefficient of the variable over the survey year;
Protective factors
	Regular consumption of fruits and vegetables	–	–	40.3	41.0	40.4	40.8	42.9	45.1	47.7	45.3	45.4	44.9	44.1	1.11^ p<0.05.
	Recommended consumption of fruits and vegetables	–	–	23.0	24.9	25.8	26.9	29.1	29.6	31.7	30.4	31.1	30.9	29.2	2.35^ p<0.05.
	Regular consumption of beans	–	82.9	83.1	81.0	81.4	83.1	85.6	83.4	81.3	82.1	77.4	78.4	–	3.14^ p<0.05.
Risk factors
	Consumption of fat-rich meat	–	41.9	39.1	39.5	40.1	40.2	38.2	39.1	35.7	38.5	38.0	–	–	-1.02^ p<0.05.
	Consumption of whole milk	–	53.3	55.6	55.3	54.6	54.9	54.2	54.3	50.9	50.7	53.4	–	–	-0.65^ p<0.05.
	Regular consumption of soft drinks	–	35.3	28.0	28.3	28.2	27.9	27.3	22.4	18.2	18.9	15.2	14.0	15.2	-7.85^ p<0.05.

Variables		2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	Average annual variation (%)^* * Corresponding to the Prais-Winsten regression coefficient of the variable over the survey year;
Overweight		38.5	41.2	42.7	44.4	44.1	45.6	48.1	47.3	48.5	50.4	49.6	51.1	53.3	2.35^ p<0.05.
	Male	44.8	47.2	46.6	48.4	48.8	49.9	52.0	48.4	49.7	55.4	52.7	53.1	56.6	1.61^ p<0.05.
	Female	33.2	36.1	39.4	41.0	40.1	42.1	44.7	46.3	47.5	46.2	46.9	49.5	50.5	3.13^ p<0.05.
Obesity		9.8	11.7	12.1	12.8	12.8	14.1	14.5	14.6	16.5	17.4	16.6	16.4	17.2	4.21^ p<0.05.
	Male	9.7	10.7	11.0	10.5	12.0	12.9	13.3	13.7	14.9	15.7	14.9	17.2	15.8	4.58^ p<0.05.
	Female	9.9	12.5	13.0	14.7	13.6	15.1	15.5	15.4	17.9	18.8	18.0	15.8	18.5	4.03^ p<0.05.

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[1] Correspondence to: RM CLARO. E-mail: afael.claro@gmail.com.