Effect of food literacy on adherence to mediterranean diet and anthropometric measurements in adults

Uzdil, Zeynep; Çelebi, Melahat Sedanur Macit; Öztürk, Yasemin Ertaş; Kaya, Pinar Sökülmez

doi:10.1590/1678-9865202437e230034

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Sumário

Original - Experimental Nutrition • Rev. Nutr. 37 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202437e230034 copy

Effect of food literacy on adherence to mediterranean diet and anthropometric measurements in adults

Efeito da alfabetização alimentar na adesão à dieta mediterrânea e nas medidas antropométricas em adultos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between food literacy, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MetDiet), and anthropometric measurements.

Method

In this study, 551 adults were evaluated. The defining features were questioned with the questionnaire form, Short Food Literacy Questionnaire (SFLQ), and Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Neck circumference, waist circumference (WC) measurements, waist to height ratio (WHtR), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated. The effect of the SFLQ scores on the anthropometric measurements and MEDAS scores was evaluated with linear and binary logistic regression analysis.

Results

The food literacy scores were low in individuals with overweight and obesity and have risk according to the waist circumference and waist to height ratio. Individuals with high adherence to the MetDiet had high food literacy. The food literacy had the most effect on waist circumference. There was a positive relationship between the food literacy and MetDiet scores when the crude and adjusted models were compared according to age, gender, education level, marital status, and BMI. According to crude and adjusted models, food literacy was effective on strict adherence to the diet (Wald=13.446), and a 1-unit increase in the food literacy increased strict adherence to MetDiet by 1.05 times (95% CI=1.03-1.09).

Conclusion

The results showed positive effect of food literacy on obesity-related anthropometric measurements and MetDiet.

Keywords:
Food literacy; Nutrition; Mediterranean diet; Obesity; Waist circumference

Variables	n	%	SFLQ		p
Variables	n	%	M	SD	p
Total			31.49	7.60
Gender					<0.001*
Men	281	51.0	29.73	6.81
Women	270	49.0	33.32	7.95
Marital status					<0.001*
Single	310	56.3	32.95	7.77
Married	241	43.7	29.61	6.95
Education level					<0.001*
Primary school^a	107	19.4	28.00	5.88
High school^b	233	42.3	31.61	7.75
College^b	211	38.3	33.13	7.65
Smoking					0.049*
User	133	24.1	29.42	7.77
Non-user	418	75.9	32.15	7.43
Alcohol					0.165
User	59	10.7	30.19	7.86
Non-user	492	89.3	31.65	7.56
Chronic disease history					0.057
Available	87	15.8	29.89	8.62
Non- available	464	84.2	31.79	7.37
BMI (M±SD=25.33±4.85 kg/m²)					<0.001^*
Underweight^a	21	3.8	37.93	7.17
Healthy weight^b	266	48.3	32.47	7.51
Overweight^c	183	33.2	30.36	7.53
Obesity^c	81	14.7	29.16	6.74
WHtR (n=404, M±SD=0.51±0.10)					<0.001^*
Attention^a	30	7.4	37.65	6.96
Appropriate^b	173	42.8	33.64	7.84
Consider action^c	128	31.7	30.69	7.55
Take action^c	73	18.1	28.53	6.41
WHR (n=404)
Women (M±SD=0.81±0.10)					<0.001*
No risk	182	67.4	34.83	7.82
Risk	88	32.6	30.18	7.31
Men (M±SD=0.92±0.09)					0.134
No risk	54	40.3	30.72	7.31
Risk	80	59.7	28.84	6.68
WC (n=404)
Women (M±SD=81.65±15.35)					<0.001*
No risk ^a	153	56.7	35.23	7.61
Risk^ab	47	17.4	32.65	7.97
High risk^b	70	25.9	29.58	7.35
Men (M±SD=91.99±13.89)					0.046*
No risk^a	78	58.2	30.82	7.23
Risk^ab	32	23.9	28.43	6.73
High risk^b	24	17.9	27.20	5.67
MEDAS (n=404) (M±SD=7.45±2.17)
Low adherence^a	136	33.7	30.54	7.32	<0.001*
Modest adherence^a	145	35.9	31.67	7.58
Strict adherence^b	123	30.4	34.28	8.22

Variables	Correlation	Crude Model			Adjusted Model
Variables	p	β	t	p	β	t	P
Anthropometric measurement^*
BMI (kg/m²)	<0.001	-0.226	-5.440	<0.001	-0.112	-2.803	0.005
HC (cm)	<0.001	-0.180	-3.675	<0.001	-0.108	-2.132	0.034
NC (cm)	<0.001	-0.213	-4.374	<0.001	-0.021	-0.487	0.627
WC (cm)	<0.001	-0.347	-7.408	<0.001	-0.157	-3.641	<0.001
WHR	<0.001	-0.335	-7.120	<0.001	-0.130	-3.164	0.002
WHtR	<0.001	-0.323	-6.853	<0.001	-0.157	-3.633	<0.001
MEDAS score^**	<0.001	0.235	4.841	<0.001	0.203	3.851	<0.001

Variable	Crude Model			Adjusted Model*
Variable	Wald	OR (95% CI)	P	Wald	OR (95% CI)	p
Modest adherence	7.866	1.04 (1.01-1.07)	0.005	3.325	1.03 (0.99-1.06)	0.068
Strict adherence	13.446	1.05 (1.03-1.09)	<0.001	10.781	1.05 (1.02-1.09)	0.001

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[1] Correspondence to:
Z Uzdil. E-mail: <zuzdil1010@hotmail.com>.