Dairy products consumption in Brazil is associated with socioeconomic and demographic factors: Results from the National Dietary Survey 2008-2009

POSSA, Gabriela; CASTRO, Michelle Alessandra de; SICHIERI, Rosely; FISBERG, Regina Mara; FISBERG, Mauro

doi:10.1590/1678-98652017000100008

Brasil

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Original Articles • Rev. Nutr. 30 (1) • Jan-Feb 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652017000100008 linkcopy

Dairy products consumption in Brazil is associated with socioeconomic and demographic factors: Results from the National Dietary Survey 2008-2009

Consumo de lácteos e derivados no Brasil está associado com fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos: resultados do Inquérito Nacional de Alimentação 2008-2009

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective: To estimate the consumption of dairy products in the Brazilian population.

Methods: Data from two non-consecutive food records from 34,003 individuals (aged ³10 years) in the first Brazilian nationally representative dietary survey (2008-2009) were used to estimate the dairy products intake. Dairy products were divided into four major subgroups: cow's milk, cheese, yogurt and other dairy products. Absolute and relative frequencies of individuals in the population who reported consumption of dairy products in at least one of the two-day food record according to sex, age, geographic region and levels of per capita monthly family income were calculated. Moreover, the mean consumption of dairy products, as well as their nutritional contribution in total energy, protein, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium intake was estimated.

Results: It was observed that only 43.0% of the population reported consuming dairy products, being the milk subgroup the most frequently consumed (21.1%). The prevalence of consumption was higher among females, elderly, residents of the South region, and among individuals from higher per capita monthly family income. The nutritional contribution of dairy products was less than 10.0% of total energy intake and for most nutrients and the mean daily consumption are justified was 101.8g.

Conclusion: Therefore, in view of the low intake of dairy products by Brazilian population and the nutritional benefits associated with this food group, public health strategies to increase dairy consumption are justified.

Keywords: Dairy products; Food consumption; Nutrition

Variables	Dairy products				Milk
Variables	n	%	95%CI	p-value	%	95%CI	p-value
Overall	34.003	43.0	41.7-44.3	-	21.1	20.1-22.1	-
Sex
Male	15.700	39.5	37.9-41.1	<0.001	19.2	18.1-20.4	<0.001
Female	18.303	46.3	44.8-47.8	<0.001	22.9	21.7-24.1	<0.001
Age group
Adolescents	7.613	39.5	37.3-41.8	<0.001	20.2	18.5-18.5	<0.001
Adults	22.068	42.9	41.5-44.3		20.3	19.2-21.4
Elderly	4.322	49.4	46.6-52.2		26.5	24.2-29.0
Geographic region
North	5.274	30.8	28.4-33.3	<0.001	17.3	15.4-19.5	<0.001
Northeast	12.615	39.8	37.9-41.8		21.4	19.9-23.0
Southeast	7.302	43.6	41.2-46.1		20.2	18.4-22.1
South	4.167	53.1	50.1-56.0		22.4	20.3-24.7
Midwest	4.645	44.0	41.3-46.7		26.4	24.2-28.7
Per capita family income
≤1 MW	17.010	31.1	29.5-32.7	<0.001	18.6	17.4-20.0	<0.001
>1 to 2 MW	9.126	42.7	40.6-44.9		21.5	20.0-23.2
>2 to 3 MW	3.464	52.5	49.0-55.8		24.4	21.6-27.4
>3 to 6 MW	2.975	59.0	55.1-62.7		23.1	20.0-26.5
>6 to 10 MW	892	72.4	67.2-77.0		24.4	19.5-30.0
>10 to 15 MW	345	72,2	62.5-80.2		22.7	16.1-31.1
>15 MW	191	85,4	78.3-90.4		31.2	21.8-42.4

Variables	Cheese			Yogurt			Other dairy products
Variables	%	95%CI	p-value	%	95%CI	p-value	%	95%CI	p-value
Overall	20.7	19.6-21.9	-	7.0	6.4-7.6	-	7.2	6.5-7.9	-
Sex
Male	19.0	17.7-20.3	<0.001	5.6	4.9-6.3	<0.001	3.3	2.9-3.7	p=0.050
Female	22.4	21.1-23.7	<0.001	8.3	7.5-9.0	<0.001	3.9	3.5-4.3	p=0.050
Age group
Adolescents	14.2	12.8-15.8	<0.001	8.3	7.2-9.5	<0.001	1.6	1.4-1.9	p=0.215
Adults	22.0	20.7-23.3		6.8	6.1-7.5		4.5	4.1-5.0
Elderly	25.2	22.7-27.8		5.9	4.8-7.2		1.0	0.8-1.3
Geographic region
North	9.8	8.2-11.7	<0.001	4.0	3.2-4.9	<0.001	0.5	0.4-0.6	<0.001
Northeast	15.1	13.8-16.5		5.8	5.1-6.6		2.3	2.0-2.6
Southeast	23.8	21.7-26.0		7.7	6.6-9.0		2.5	2.0-3.1
South	30.2	27.5-33.1		8.3	7.1-9.8		1.5	1.2-1.8
Midwest	16.4	14.3-18.7		7.5	6.2-9.2		0.4	0.3-0.5
Per capita family income*
≤1 MW	9.5	8.5-10.5	<0.001	4.2	3.6-5.0	<0.001	2.3	1.9-2.6	<0.001
>1 to 2 MW	19.4	17.6-21.3		5.8	4.9-6.7		2.0	1.6-2.4
>2 to 3 MW	29.8	26.7-33.0		6.9	5.5-8.7		0.9	0.7-1.2
>3 to 6 MW	36.5	32.5-40.7		13.2	10.9-15.9		1.1	1.1-1.4
>6 to 10 MW	51.0	45.0-57.1		17.2	12.7-22.7		0.5	0.4-0.7
>10 to 15 MW	55.3	46.3-64.0		17.5	12.7-23.6		0.2	0.1-0.3
>15 MW	59.9	48.7-70.2		26.0	18.2-35.5		0.2	0.1-0.4

Variables	Energy (kcal)		Protein (g)		Calcium (mg)		Phosphorus (mg)		Magnesium (mg)
Variables	Mean	95%CI	Mean	95%CI	Mean	95%CI	Mean	95%CI	Mean	95%CI
Overall	3.8	3.7-4.0	4.5	4.3-4.7	16.3	15.8-16.9	8.6	8.2-8.9	3.9	3.8-4.1
Sex
Male	3.4	3.2-3.6*	3.9	3.7-4.1*	14.7	14.0-15.4*	7.5	7.1-7.9*	3.4	3.2-3.7*
Female	4.3	4.1-4.5	5.1	4.9-5.3	17.8	17.2-18.5	9.6	9.2-10.0	4.4	4.2-4.6
Age group
Adolescents	3.4	3.1-3.6^a	4.0	3.7-4.3^d	14.5	13.6-15.4^a	7.5	7.0-8.0^a	3.8	3.5-4.1^d
Adults	3.7	3.5-3.9	4.3	4.1-4.1	16.1	15.4-16.7	8.3	7.9-8.7	3.7	3.6-3.9
Elderly	5.1	4.7-5.5	6.2	5.7-6.6	20.5	19.2-21.9	11.7	10.8-12.6	5.0	4.6-5.3
Geographic region
North^b	2.3	2.1-2.5^b	2.4	2.2-2.7^b	10.7	9.8-11.6^b	4.8	4.3-5.2^b	2.5	2.3-2.8^b
Northeast	4.1	3.8-4.4	4.6	4.3-4.9	17.3	16.3-18.3	8.3	7.8-8.8	4.1	3.8-4.3
Southeast	3.8	3.5-4.1	4.6	4.3-5.0	16.0	14.9-17.1	9.1	8.5-9.8	4.0	3.7-4.3
South	4.2	3.9-4.5	5.2	4.8-5.6	18.0	16.7-19.2	9.4	8.7-10.2	4.0	3.7-4.4
Midwest	3.8	3.4-4.1	4.4	4.0-4.8	17.2	15.9-18.4	8.8	8-9.5	4.2	3.8-4.5
Per capita family
income
=1 MW	2.9	2.6-3.1^c	3.3	3.0-3.5^c	12.7	11.9-13.4^c	6.3	5.9-6.7^c	3.1	2.8-3.3^c
>1 to 2 MW	3.7	3.5-4.0	4.5	4.2-4.8	16.1	15.2-17.0	8.6	8.0-9.1	3.8	3.6-4.1
>2 to 3 MW	4.3	3.9-4.7	5.3	4.8-5.8	18.8	17.3-20.3	10.1	9.2-11.0	4.4	4-4.8.0
>3 to 6 MW	5.2	4.6-5.8	6.2	5.6-6.8	21.5	19.6-23.5	11.7	10.6-12.9	5.3	4.6-6.0
>6 to 10 MW	6.5	5.2-7.8	7.3	6.0-8.6	24.0	20.8-27.3	13.6	11.3-16.0	5.9	4.6-7.2
>10 to 15 MW	7.4	6.3-8.4	8.5	7.0-10.0	28.3	25.1-31.6	15.7	13.3-18.2	6.7	5.7-7.8
>15 MW	9.6	7.7-11.5	10.4	8.5-12.3	34.5	30.2-38.9	19.2	16.2-22.2	8.4	6.7-10.2

Variables	n	Dairy products			Milk
Variables	n	%	95%CI	p-value	%	95%CI	p-value
Overall	34.003	101.8	97.5-106.2	-	54.5	51.6-57.4	-
Sex
Male	15.700	97.0	91.4-102.5	0,002	51.3	47.8-54.8	0,003
Female	18.303	106.4	101.4-111.3	0,002	57.5	54.0-60.9	0,003
Age group
Adolescents (10-19y)	7.613	103.8	95.5-112.0	<0.001^a	53.6	48.0-59.2	<0.001^a
Adults (20-59y)	22.068	98.2	93.4-103.0		51.6	48.5-54.7
Elderly (≥60y)	4.322	116.4	106.7-126.2		70.0	62.6-77.5
Geographic region
North	5.274	66.0	58.7-73.4	<0.001^b	31.0	26.5-35.5	<0.001^b
Northeast	12.615	103.9	96.4-111.3		52.5	47.8-57.1
Southeast	7.302	103.6	95.5-111.7		55.6	50.2-60.9
South	4.167	106.9	98.5-115.4		59.5	53.2-65.8
Midwest	4.645	110.9	101.1-120.7		70.4	63.6-77.2
Per capita family income*
=1 MW	17.010	79.2	73.1-85.3	<0.001^c	47.0	43.0-51.0	0.001^d
>1 to 2 MW	9.126	98.4	91.9-104.8		56.0	51.3-60.7
>2 to 3 MW	3.464	116.3	105.1-127.6		67.9	58.5-76.8
>3 to 6 MW	2.975	134.5	120.7-148.2		59.9	50.7-69.2
>6 to 10 MW	892	156.2	123.3-189.1		58.2	44.2-72.2
>10 to 15 MW	345	164.2	137.7-190.7		54.5	35.3-73.6
>15 MW	191	263.4	195.7-331.2		86.5	52.0-120.9

Variables	Cheese (g)			Yogurt (g)			Other dairy products (g)
Variables	Mean	95% CI	p-value	Mean	95% CI	p-value	Mean	95% CI	p-value
Overall	10.9	10.1-11.6	-	16.9	15.3-18.5	-	19.6	17.3-21.8	-
Sex
Male	10.5	9.6-11.4	0,207	13.9	12.0-15.8	<0.001	21.2	18.1-24.3	0,050
Female	11.2	10.2-12.1		19.7	17.7-21.6		18.0	15.7-20.4
Age group
Adolescents (10-19y)	6.5	5.7-7.3	<0.001^e	21.0	17.8-24.1	<0.001^f	22.7	18-27.3	0,215
Adults (20-59y)	11.6	10.6-12.6		16.4	14.5-18.2		18.6	16.3-21
Elderly (≥60y)	14.2	12.3-16.0		13.1	10.4-15.7		19.1	14.2-24
Geographic region
North	3.6	2.9-4.3	<0.001^b	10.5	8.3-12.8	<0.001^g	20.9	16.1-25.7	<0.001^h
Northeast	9.2	8.2-10.3		14.5	12.4-16.6		27.7	23.3-32.1
Southeast	13.0	11.5-14.6		17.9	14.9-20.9		17.1	13-21.1
South	12.9	11.2-14.6		21.7	17.6-25.7		12.8	9.6-16.1
Midwest	7.3	6.1-8.5		17.4	13.5-21.3		15.9	15.9-20.6
Per capita family income*
=1 MW	5.2	4.5-5.9	<0.001^c	10.1	8.4-11.8	<0.001^c	16.9	13.5-20.2	0,187
> 1 to 2 MW	10.3	8.9-11.8		14.2	11.8-16.6		17.9	14.5-21.2
>2 to 3 MW	14.1	12.1-16		16.4	12.9-12.9		18.3	12.8-23.7
>3 to 6 MW	18.3	15.5-21.0		32.3	25.2-39.4		24.0	18.4-29.5
>6 to 10 MW	26.2	20.1-32.4		41.9	26.7-57.1		29.9	20.7-39.1
>10 to 15 MW	33.5	25.0-42.0		43.4	28.2-58.7		32.8	14.2-51.3
>15 MW	35.9	24.6-47.3		63.3	37.1-89.4		77.8	17.9-137.6

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[TFN1] Note: Pearson's Chi-square test; 1 MW, about US$ 220.00.

[TFN2] MW: Minimum Wage.