Anatomical studies of Brazilian Amazonian <i>Isoëtes</i> species: inferences on habitat adaptation

Cavalheiro-Filho, Sergio Luís; Campos, Naiara Viana; Caldeira, Cecílio Frois; Pereira, Jovani Bernardino de Souza; Konno, Tatiana Ungaretti Paleo; Matos, Sabrina Dias de; Cavalcante, Allysson Buraslan; Esteves, Francisco de Assis; Martins, Rodrigo Lemes; Gestinari, Lísia Mônica de Souza

doi:10.1590/2175-7860202374084

Brasil

home Sumário navigate_before Anterior Atual Seguinte navigate_next

home Sumário

Ferns and Lycophytes as new challenges • Rodriguésia 74 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202374084 linkcopy

Anatomical studies of Brazilian Amazonian Isoëtes species: inferences on habitat adaptation

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Isoëtes is a cosmopolitan genus of aquatic lycophytes, containing more than 200 species. In Brazil, the genus comprises 29 species, with three occurring in Pará state, Amazon. Isoëtes cangae and I. serracarajensis are endemic to the ferruginous outcrops of Serra dos Carajás, and I. amazonica occurs on the inundated shores of the Tapajós River. Despite the great diversity of quillworts in South America, their anatomy remains unknown. This study discusses Brazilian Amazon species’ leaf and root anatomical traits in relation to habitat and genetic diversity. The amphibious I. amazonica and I. serracarajensis were observed to have similar stomata and cuticular ornamentations. Isoëtes cangae, a fully aquatic species, had smaller epidermal cells and a smooth cuticle and showed slight differences regarding the lacuna diaphragm. The genetically closer species from Carajás both lacked peripheral fiber strands on the leaves. Our study complements current knowledge regarding the morphoanatomy of Amazonian species and provides a better understanding of their biology, contributing to the development of conservation strategies for these species.

Key words: anatomical traits; aquatic plants; peripheral fibers; Serra dos Carajás; stomata

Species	Locality	Coordinates	Specimen
Isoëtes amazonica	Marsh area nearby Tapajós River	02°24’15.15”S, 55°03’01.89”W	Pereira 1015, MG^* * MG = Goeldi Museum (Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi); RFA = Herbarium of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Isoëtes cangae	Amendoim Lake	06°24’03.73”S, 50°22’23.27”W	Campos 36, RFA
Isoëtes serracarajensis	N3 flooded area	06°02’44.90”S, 50°12’34.68”W	Campos 33, RFA
Isoëtes serracarajensis	N6 flooded area	06°07’33.97”S, 50°10’39.43”W	Campos 34, RFA
Isoëtes serracarajensis	ISV flooded area	06°24’31.39”S, 50°21’05.38”W	Campos 35, RFA
Isoëtes serracarajensis	S11 flooded area	06°22’33.90”S, 50°23’00.34”W	Campos 41, RFA

Characters	Species / Population
Leaf parameters	I. amazonica	I. cangae	I. serracarajensis - N3	I. serracarajensis - N6	I. serracarajensis - S11	I. serracarajensis - ISV
Leaf width (mm)	1.03 ± 0.12 cd	0.96 ± 0.02 d	1.28 ± 0.18 b	1.25 ± 0.09 bc	0.96 ± 0.01 d	2.14 ± 0.06 a
Leaf depth (mm)	0.72 ± 0.04 c	0.91 ± 0.08 bc	0.98 ± 0.12 b	1.03 ± 0.09 b	0.75 ± 0.05 c	1.70 ± 0.08 a
Leaf area (mm²)	6.14 ± 1.03 cd	8.38 ± 2.18 bd	9.55 ± 2.09 bc	10.2 ± 1.58 b	5.01 ± 0.36 d	27.2 ± 1.27 a
Lacunae area (mm²)	2.54 ± 0.80 cd	3.30 ± 0.77 bd	4.00 ± 0.84 bc	4.99 ± 1.04 b	1.54 ± 0.37 d	13.1 ± 1.24 a
Lacunae / leaf area (%)	40.7 ± 9.33 ab	39.6 ± 2.36 ab	42.0 ± 4.46 ab	48.9 ± 4.33 a	30.4 ± 6.04 b	48.4 ± 3.62 a
Number of peripheral fiber strands	2 ~ 6	0	0	0	0	0
Number of interstellar canals	1 ~ 5	3 ~ 4	3 ~ 4	1 ~ 4	1 ~ 4	1 ~ 4
Interstellar canal width (µm)	34.8 ± 6.66 b	25.7 ± 4.37 b	37.8 ± 8.40 b	43.1 ± 13.4 b	28.1 ± 8.73 b	66.3 ± 2.52 a
Interstellar canal depth (µm)	30.6 ± 2.67 ac	37.0 ± 8.00 ab	28.5 ± 3.50 bc	31.7 ± 8.27 ac	24.7 ± 4.47 c	42.8 ± 2.37 a
Interstellar canal ratio	1.14 ± 0.18 ab	0.70 ± 0.05 b	1.35 ± 0.40 a	1.37 ± 0.12 a	1.16 ± 0.19 ab	1.56 ± 0.06 a
Number of accessory canals	4 ~ 6	5	5 ~ 6	6 ~ 7	2 ~ 6	5 ~ 8
Epidermal cells width (um)	29.3 ± 3.66 ab	17.8 ± 2.70 d	26.3 ± 3.15 ac	23.7 ± 3.12 c	25.5 ± 3.18 bc	30.0 ± 4.67 a
Epidermal cells height (um)	24.3 ± 2.92 a	16.7 ± 2.30 b	20.3 ± 3.57 ab	19.9 ± 5.16 b	20.3 ± 3.44 ab	20.1 ± 3.04 b
Diafragma cell layers	1 ~ 3	2 ~ 4	1 ~ 3	2 ~ 3	2 ~ 3	2 ~ 3

Characters	Species / Population
Root parameters	I. amazonica	I. cangae	I. serracarajensis - N3	I. serracarajensis - N6	I. serracarajensis - S11	I. serracarajensis - ISV
Root diameter (mm)	0.57 ± 0.12 b	0.79 ± 0.10 a	0.52 ± 0.08 b	0.56 ± 0.10 b	0.46 ± 0.10 b	0.87 ± 0.05 a
Lacunae diameter (mm)	0.33 ± 0.10 ab	0.53 ± 0.08 a	0.34 ± 0.07 ab	0.41 ± 0.07 ab	0.27 ± 0.07 b	0.51 ± 0.09 a
Lacunae/Root diameter (%)	57.3 ± 8.77 b	67.3 ± 1.52 ab	65.8 ± 3.50 ab	73.4 ± 2.53 a	58.1 ± 3.36 b	59.0 ± 7.35 b
Lacunae area (mm²)	0.08 ± 0.05 ab	0.21 ± 0.07 a	0.07 ± 0.02 ab	0.12 ± 0.05 ab	0.05 ± 0.02 b	0.18 ± 0.06 a
Cortex thickness (µm)	133 ± 34.8 ab	136 ± 10.8 ab	155 ± 126 ab	80.0 ± 19.2 b	97.9 ± 20.1 ab	204 ± 29.5 a
Cortex layers	3 ~ 4	4	3	3	3 ~ 4	4 ~ 5
Vascular bundle diameter (µm)	41.8 ± 12.8 a	46.7 ± 4.07 a	47.1 ± 8.31 a	44.7 ± 9.64 a	29.0 ± 6.50 a	44.0 ± 4.56 a
Endodermis thickness (µm)	12.8 ± 2.24 a	12.6 ± 1.27 a	13.5 ± 2.81 a	13.2 ± 3.87 a	11.6 ± 1.34 a	12.3 ± 0.76 a

vertical_align_top file_download show_chart

more_horizclose
- image
- translate
- link
- article
- vertical_align_top
- file_download
- show_chart
- image
- translate
- link
- article

location_on

Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro Rua Pacheco Leão, 915 - Jardim Botânico, 22460-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Tel.: (55 21)3204-2148, Fax: (55 21) 3204-2071 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: rodriguesia@jbrj.gov.br

rss_feed Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

[TFN1] ^*
MG = Goeldi Museum (Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi); RFA = Herbarium of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.