ABSTRACT
The Pilotrichaceae is represented in Brazil by 11 genera and 51 species, occurring mainly in the Atlantic Rain Forest and Amazonia, with the highest richness found in southeastern and southern Brazil. Thirty-four species are neotropical and 10 are endemic to Brazil. Four species are considered vulnerable, one endangered and two critically endangered. In this study 28 synonyms recently reduced in the treatment for Rio de Janeiro state and the taxonomic revisions of Lepidopilum e Hypnella are accepted. Type material of six species were studied. A key for the genera and species is provided, and for each species the following information is given; types, material examined, distributional range, substrate, altitudinal range, conservation status in the country and, when necessary, taxonomic comments. Following the taxonomic treatment three lists are presented, one with synonyms and two with excluded taxa. Illustrations are provided for those species that represents new records, considered threatened or those with no illustrations. This study reduced by 20% the total number of taxa cited previously for Brazil.
Key words:
bryophytes; taxonomy; conservation; pleurocarpous mosses