Bulbophyllum Thouars has 1,200 species with pantropical distribution. In the Neotropical region occurring ca. 70 species, mostly in Brazil. The aim was the taxonomic study of Bulbophyllum in southern Brazil. The analysis of herbarium specimens, field collections, descriptions and illustrations were made for this study. In total 16 species from four Neotropical sections were found: Bulbophyllum atropurpureum, B. chloroglossum, B. dusenii, B. epiphytum, B. gladiatum, B. glutinosum, B. granulosum, B. malachadenia, B. mentosum, B. meridense, B. micranthum, B. napelli, B. peri, B. plumosum, B. regnellii, B. tripetalum and a new natural hybrid, described here. Areas of highest diversity are in the "Escarpa Devoniana" of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest in the Ribeira and Itajaí Valleys. A new synonym is proposed, B. dacruzii synonymized under B. peri.
Cerrado; Dendrobiinae; new hybrid; Atlantic Forest; taxonomy
