The aim of this study was to inventory the species of Orchidaceae occurring in Caldas Novas. We conducted monthly collections during 2008 (except from September to November). Parallel to the fieldwork, surveys were done in the herbaria CEN, IBGE, UB and UFG. We present an identification key, morphological descriptions, comments and illustrations of the species. We recorded 15 genera and 28 species of Orchidaceae in the area. The genera with more species were Epidendrum and Habenaria (six species each), followed by Cleistes (three), and Cyrtopodium (two). Five species are new records for the state of Goiás, showing that floristic inventories in the state are still needed.
"Cerrado"; floristics; orchids; taxonomy
