RED
|
630nm |
3 applications at fluence of 8J/cm2
|
Stimulate the human collagen |
Barolet et al., 201099 Barolet D, Duplay P, Jacomy H, Auclair M. Importance of pulsing illumination parameters in low-level-light therapy. J Biomed Opt. 2010 Jul-Aug;15(4):048005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.3477186. PMid:20799848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.3477186...
|
647nm |
applied for 10 s, 30 s or 90 s at fluences of 0.093J/cm2, 0.279J/cm2 and 0.836J/cm2
|
Osteogenic differentiation |
Kim et al., 20091010 Kim HK, Kim JH, Abbas AA, Kim DO, Park SJ, Chung JY, et al. Red light of 647 nm enhances osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells. Lasers Med Sci. 2009 Mar;24(2):214-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10103-008-0550-6. PMid:18386092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10103-008-055...
|
633nm |
1 application at fluence of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 J/cm2
|
Effect in human marrow stromal fibroblast cells: altered the gene expression related to cell proliferation, osteogenic potential, adipogenesis, mRNA and protein content. |
Guo et al., 20151111 Guo J, Wang Q, Wai D, Zhang QZ, Shi SH, Le AD, et al. Visible red and infrared light alters gene expression in human marrow stromal fibroblast cells. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2015 Apr;18(Suppl 1):50-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12081. PMid:25865533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12081...
|
633nm |
2 sessions a week for 4 weeks – 126J/cm2
|
Skin and mucosal wound healing, skin rejuvenation |
Lee et al., 20071212 Lee SY, Park KH, Choi JW, Kwon JK, Lee DR, Shin MS, et al. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and split-face clinical study on LED phototherapy for skin rejuvenation: clinical, profilometric, histologic, ultrastructural, and biochemical evaluations and comparison of three different treatment settings. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2007 Jul;88(1):51-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2007.04.008. PMid:17566756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2...
|
670nm |
Daily treatment for 14 days using a fluence of 4 J/cm2
|
Treatment of precancerous lesions, warts, pain attenuation of oral mucositis |
Whelan et al., 20021313 Whelan HT, Connelly JF, Hodgson BD, Barbeau L, Post AC, Bullard G, et al. NASA light-emitting diodes for the prevention of oral mucositis in pediatric bone marrow transplant patients. J Clin Laser Med Surg. 2002 Dec;20(6):319-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/104454702320901107. PMid:12513918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/10445470232090...
|
645nm |
3 times a day for 1 week at fluence of 0.99 J/cm2
|
Relief in the oral mucositis |
Corti et al., 20061414 Corti L, Chiarion-Sileni V, Aversa S, Ponzoni A, D’Arcais R, Pagnutti S, et al. Treatment of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis with light-emitting diode. Photomed Laser Surg. 2006 Apr;24(2):207-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/pho.2006.24.207. PMid:16706701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/pho.2006.24.20...
|
660nm |
5, 6 or 10 sessions for 1 to 3 weeks using a fluence of 5J/cm2
|
Treatment of polymorphous light eruption |
Barolet, Boucher, 20081515 Barolet D, Boucher A. LED photoprevention: reduced MED response following multiple LED exposures. Lasers Surg Med. 2008 Feb;40(2):106-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lsm.20615. PMid:18306161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lsm.20615...
|
660nm |
3 applications a week for 4 weeks (fluence not mentioned) |
Skin rejuvenation |
Barolet et al., 20091616 Barolet D, Roberge CJ, Auger FA, Boucher A, Germain L. Regulation of skin collagen metabolism in vitro using a pulsed 660 nm LED light source: clinical correlation with a single-blinded study. J Invest Dermatol. 2009 Dec;129(12):2751-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2009.186. PMid:19587693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2009.186...
|
660nm |
1 session a day for 12 weeks using a fluence of 5.17J/cm2
|
Treatment of wrinkles |
Nam et al., 20171717 Nam CH, Park BC, Kim MH, Choi EH, Hong SP. The efficacy and safety of 660 nm and 411 to 777 nm light-emitting devices for treating wrinkles. Dermatol Surg. 2017 Mar;43(3):371-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/DSS.0000000000000981. PMid:28195844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/DSS.0000000000...
|
660nm |
1 session at fluence of 10 J/cm2 for 7 days |
Induction of angiogenesis |
Sousa et al., 20131818 Sousa AP, Paraguassú GM, Silveira NT, Souza J, Cangussú MC, Santos JN, et al. Laser and LED phototherapies on angiogenesis. Lasers Med Sci. 2013 May;28(3):981-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10103-012-1187-z. PMid:22923269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10103-012-118...
|
Blue
|
412, 419 and 426 nm |
66 to 100 J/cm2
|
Inhibited skin keratinocytes proliferation and altered cell differentiation |
Liebmann et al., 20101919 Liebmann J, Born M, Kolb-Bachofen V. Blue-light irradiation regulates proliferation and differentiation in human skin cells. J Invest Dermatol. 2010 Jan;130(1):259-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2009.194. PMid:19675580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2009.194...
|
430-490nm |
Applications for 20, 40, 80 and 120 s at a fluence of 8, 14 and 15J/cm2
|
Reduction of mitotic activity of dermal fibroblasts |
Malčić et al., 20122020 Malčić AI, Pavičić I, Trošić I, Simeon P, Katanec D, Krmek SJ. The effects of bluephase LED light on fibroblasts. Eur J Dent. 2012 Jul;6(3):311-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698966. PMid:22904660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698966...
and Lev-Tov et al., 20132121 Lev-Tov H, Mamalis A, Brody N, Siegel D, Jagdeo J. Inhibition of fibroblast proliferation in vitro using red light-emitting diodes. Dermatol Surg. 2013 Aug;39(8):1167-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dsu.12212. PMid:23590233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dsu.12212...
|
420nm |
15 and 30J/cm2
|
Decrease cell differentiation of dermal fibroblasts |
Taflinski et al., 20142222 Taflinski L, Demir E, Kauczok J, Fuchs PC, Born M, Suschek CV, et al. Blue light inhibits transforming growth factor-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation of human dermal fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol. 2014 Apr;23(4):240-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/exd.12353. PMid:24533842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/exd.12353...
|
411nm |
Fluence not mentioned |
Apoptosis of human retinal cells |
Knells et al., 20112323 Knels L, Valtink M, Roehlecke C, Lupp A, de la Vega J, Mehner M, et al. Blue light stress in retinal neuronal (R28) cells is dependent on wavelength range and irradiance. Eur J Neurosci. 2011 Aug;34(4):548-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07790.x. PMid:21781192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.20...
|
465nm |
10 min/day for 5 days at fluences of 9 and 18J/cm2
|
Apoptosis of human colon cancer cells |
Matsumoto et al., 20142424 Matsumoto N, Yoshikawa K, Shimada M, Kurita N, Sato H, Iwata T, et al. Effect of light irradiation by light emitting diode on colon cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 2014 Sep;34(9):4709-16. PMid:25202048.
|
470nm |
72 J/cm2, 144 J/cm2, 216 J/cm2 and 288 J/cm2
|
Reduced human colorectal cancer cells |
Yan et al., 20182525 Yan G, Zhang L, Feng C, Gong R, Idiiatullina E, Huang Q, et al. Blue light emitting diodes irradiation causes cell death in colorectal cancer by inducing ROS production and DNA damage. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2018 Oct;103:81-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2018.08.006. PMid:30125666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2018....
|
Not mentioned |
162 J/cm2
|
Inhibited of gingival fibroblast proliferation |
Taoufik et al., 20082626 Taoufik K, Mavrogonatou E, Eliades T, Papagiannoulis L, Eliades G, Kletsas D. Effect of blue light on the proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts. Dent Mater. 2008 Jul;24(7):895-900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2007.10.006. PMid:18164382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2007....
|
Not mentioned |
198J/cm2 for 72 h |
Apoptosis of intestine cells of neonatal rats |
Tanaka et al., 20082727 Tanaka K, Hashimoto H, Tachibana T, Ishikawa H, Ohki T. Apoptosis in the small intestine of neonatal rat using blue light-emitting diode devices and conventional halogen-quartz devices in phototherapy. Pediatr Surg Int. 2008 Jul;24(7):837-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00383-008-2170-4. PMid:18470518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00383-008-217...
|
460nm |
1 session at fluence of 10 J/cm2 for 7 days |
Did not induce angiogenesis |
Sousa et al., 20131818 Sousa AP, Paraguassú GM, Silveira NT, Souza J, Cangussú MC, Santos JN, et al. Laser and LED phototherapies on angiogenesis. Lasers Med Sci. 2013 May;28(3):981-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10103-012-1187-z. PMid:22923269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10103-012-118...
|
400-500nm |
Patients were exposed for at least 12 h. Fluence not mentioned |
DNA damage of mononuclear leukocytes and decreased the blood flow in blood vessels in jaundiced neonates |
Benders et al., 19992828 Benders MJ, Van Bel F, Van de Bor M. Cardiac output and ductal reopening during phototherapy in preterm infants. Acta Paediatr. 1999 Sep;88(9):1014-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1999.tb00199.x. PMid:10519346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.19...
Aycicek, Erel, 20072929 Aycicek A, Erel O. Total oxidant/antioxidant status in jaundiced newborns before and after phototherapy. J Pediatr. 2007 Jul-Aug;83(4):319-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2223/JPED.1645. PMid:17625638. http://dx.doi.org/10.2223/JPED.1645...
|
400nm |
Light intensity of 200 Lux for 10 seconds |
Damage on retinal cells |
Ortín-Martínez et al., 20143030 Ortín-Martínez A, Valiente-Soriano FJ, García-Ayuso D, Alarcón-Martínez L, Jiménez-López M, Bernal-Garro JM, et al. A novel in vivo model of focal light emitting diode-induced cone-photoreceptor phototoxicity: neuroprotection afforded by brimonidine, BDNF, PEDF or bFGF. PLoS One. 2014 Dec;9(12):e113798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113798. PMid:25464513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0...
|
455-465nm |
Light intensity of 500 Lux |
Damage on retinal cells |
Krigel et al., 20163131 Krigel A, Berdugo M, Picard E, Levy-Boukris R, Jaadane I, Jonet L, et al. Light-induced retinal damage using different light sources, protocols and rat strains reveals LED phototoxicity. Neuroscience. 2016 Dec;339:296-307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.015. PMid:27751961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience...
|
460nm |
Light intensity of 150 Lux for 3h per day for 21 days |
Toxicity for retinal pigment epithelial cells |
Lin et al., 20193232 Lin CH, Wu MR, Huang WJ, Chow DS, Hsiao G, Cheng YW. Low-luminance blue light-enhanced phototoxicity in A2E-Laden RPE cell cultures and rats. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Apr;20(7):1799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071799. PMid:30979028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071799...
|
455-495nm |
Review |
Retina damage |
Tosini et al., 20163333 Tosini G, Ferguson I, Tsubota K. Effects of blue light on the circadian system and eye physiology. Mol Vis. 2016 Jan;22:61-72. PMid:26900325.
|
455-495nm |
Review |
Inhibition of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Toxicity for retinal pigment epithelial cells |
Tokarz et al., 20133434 Tokarz P, Kaarniranta K, Blasiak J. Role of antioxidant enzymes and small molecular weight antioxidants in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Biogerontology. 2013 Oct;14(5):461-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10522-013-9463-2. PMid:24057278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10522-013-946...
|
Yellow
|
570-590 nm |
250 milliseconds at fluence of 0.1 J/cm2 for 4, 8, 12, 18 weeks and 6 and 12 months |
Collagen synthesis, skin texture improvement |
McDaniel et al., 20023535 McDaniel DH, Weiss RA, Geronemus R, Ginn L, Newman J. Light–tissue interactions I: photothermolysis versus photomodulation laboratory findings. Lasers Surg Med. 2002 Jan;14:25. and Weiss et al., 20053636 Weiss RA, McDaniel DH, Geronemus RG, Weiss MA. Clinical trial of a novel non-thermal LED array for reversal of photoaging: clinical, histologic, and surface profilometric results. Lasers Surg Med. 2005 Feb;36(2):85-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lsm.20107. PMid:15654716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lsm.20107...
|
570-590 nm |
100 pulses, 250 milliseconds per pulse at fluence of 0.15 J/cm2
|
Decrease the incidence of dermatitis |
DeLand et al., 20073737 DeLand MM, Weiss RA, McDaniel DH, Geronemus RG. Treatment of radiation-induced dermatitis with light-emitting diode (LED) photomodulation. Lasers Surg Med. 2007 Feb;39(2):164-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lsm.20455. PMid:17311276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lsm.20455...
|
590 nm |
0.1 J/cm2
|
Increased collagen I production and decreased collagenase (MMP-1) |
McDaniel et al., 20103838 McDaniel DH, Weiss RA, Geronemus RG, Mazur C, Wilson S, Weiss MA. Varying ratios of wavelengths in dual wavelength LED photomodulation alters gene expression profiles in human skin fibroblasts. Lasers Surg Med. 2010 Aug;42(6):540-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lsm.20947. PMid:20662030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lsm.20947...
|
White
|
411-777 nm |
CCTs equivalent to 2954, 5624, and 7378 K for 8h/16h |
Toxic for lens epithelial cells |
Xie et al., 201433 Xie C, Li X, Tong J, Gu Y, Shen Y. Effects of white light-emitting diode (LED) light exposure with different correlated color temperatures (CCTs) on human lens epithelial cells in culture. Photochem Photobiol. 2014 Jul-Aug;90(4):853-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/php.12250. PMid:24483628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/php.12250...
|
411-777 nm |
Illumination of animals with 6000 lux, 1500, 1000 and 500 lux for 1 week and 1 month |
Toxic for lens epithelial cells |
Krigel et al., 20163131 Krigel A, Berdugo M, Picard E, Levy-Boukris R, Jaadane I, Jonet L, et al. Light-induced retinal damage using different light sources, protocols and rat strains reveals LED phototoxicity. Neuroscience. 2016 Dec;339:296-307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.015. PMid:27751961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience...
|
411-777 nm |
Illumination of animals at constant light for 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 h |
Toxic for retinal cells, loss of photoreceptors and the activation of caspase-independent apoptosis, necroptosis, and necrosis |
Jaadane et al., 20153939 Jaadane I, Boulenguez P, Chahory S, Carré S, Savoldelli M, Jonet L, et al. Retinal damage induced by commercial light emitting diodes (LEDs). Free Radic Biol Med. 2015 Jul;84:373-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.034. PMid:25863264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiome...
|
411-777 nm |
5.17 J/cm2
|
Improved periocular wrinkles |
Nam et al., 20174040 Nam CH, Park BC, Kim MH, Choi EH, Hong SP. The efficacy and safety of 660 nm and 411 to 777 nm light-emitting devices for treating wrinkles. Dermatol Surg. 2017 Mar;43(3):371-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/DSS.0000000000000981. PMid:28195844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/DSS.0000000000...
|