Qualidade de vida de crianças brasileiras durante a pandemia de COVID-19: análise de fatores e dimensões contextuais

Mélo, Tainá Ribas; de Araujo, Luize Bueno; Signorelli, Marcos Claudio; Guimarães, Paulo Ricardo Bittencourt; Israel, Vera Lúcia

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Brasil

Revista Paulista de Pediatria

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Sumário

Original Article • Rev. paul. pediatr. 43 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/2025/43/2023175 copiar

Qualidade de vida de crianças brasileiras durante a pandemia de COVID-19: análise de fatores e dimensões contextuais

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Objetivo:

Investigar os fatores contextuais associados à qualidade de vida (QV) de crianças brasileiras de zero a 12 anos, em momento de ápice de distanciamento social. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal, online, de julho a setembro de 2020, com questionário sobre fatores do contexto familiar associados à QV e Inventário Pediátrico sobre QV — PedsQL™. A análise dos dados foi feita por de regressão logística multinomial.

Resultados:

A amostra foi de 849 crianças, na maioria da Região Sul (75%), brancas (83%), com desenvolvimento típico (79%), sedentárias (68%), com uso de telas (85%) em tempo >3h/dia (44%). As mães eram as cuidadoras principais (90%). Foram significativamente associadas a escores mais elevados de QV: a condição de saúde típica (odds ratio — OR 2,38; intervalo de confiança de 95% — IC95% 1,60–3,55), o tempo de tela ≤2h/dia (OR 1,62; IC95% 1,17–2,24), o distanciamento social considerado “fácil” (OR 1,67; IC95% 1,20–2,32) e a família afirmar estimular a criança (OR 1,93; IC95% 1,08–3,45).

Conclusões:

Este estudo mostra que o contexto familiar pode influenciar a QV de crianças, especialmente no período de pandemia e de reorganização do ambiente domiciliar.

Palavras-chave:
Qualidade de vida; Fator de risco; Pandemia; COVID-19; Brasil; Criança

	Age group (months/years)
	0–12 months	13–23 months	2–4 years	5–7 years	8–12 years	0–12 years
n	139	85	266	180	179	849
	n (%)
Media use	42 (30.2)	63 (64.1)	258 (97.0)	180 (100)	177 (98.9)	184 (59.9)
Type of screen^* *Percentages calculated based on the number of children who used media/were physically active;
Mobile phone	15 (35.7)	29 (46.0)	169 (65.5)	153 (85.0)	158 (89.3)	90 (48.9)
Tablet	4 (9.5)	10 (15.8)	88 (34.1)	71 (39.4)	57 (32.2)	27 (14.7)
Computer	0 (0.0)	6 (9.5)	31 (12.0)	66 (36.7)	124 (70.0)	13 (7.1)
Television	38 (90.5)	62 (98.4)	238 (92.3)	176 (97.8)	158 (89.3)	169 (91.8)
Videogame	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	17 (6.6)	48 (26.7)	75 (42.4)	1 (0.5)
Screen time^* *Percentages calculated based on the number of children who used media/were physically active; ,^† †Significant variables to the regression model.
Up to 30 minutes	14 (33.3)	5 (7.9)	8 (3.1)	3 (1.7)	2 (1.1)	22 (12.0)
Up to 1 hour/day	18 (28.6)	19 (30.2)	35 (13.6)	18 (10.0)	5 (2.8)	41 (22.3)
Up to 2 hour/day	11 (26.2)	13 (20.6)	53 (20.6)	25 (13.9)	21 (11.9)	44 (23.9)
Up to 3 hour/day	4 (9.5)	16 (25.4)	75 (29.1)	45 (25.0)	20 (11.3)	43 (23.4)
>3 hour/day	1 (2.4)	10 (15.9)	87 (33.7)	89 (49.4)	129 (72.9)	34 (18.5)
Stimulation-play^† †Significant variables to the regression model.	137 (98.6)	84 (98.8)	257 (96.6)	168 (93.3)	145 (81.0)	303 (98.7)
Paternal absence^† †Significant variables to the regression model.	18 (13.0)	10 (11.8)	26 (9.8)	31 (17.2)	36 (20.1)	121 (14.3)
Time fathers spent with the children (hour/day)	4±3	4±4	4±3	4±4	4±4	4±4
Attended daycare/school^† †Significant variables to the regression model. before the pandemic	6 (4.3)	39 (45.9)	227 (85.3)	179 (99.5)	175 (97.8)	626 (73.7)
Typical health status^† †Significant variables to the regression model.	125 (89.9)	71 (83.5)	216 (81.2)	134 (74.4)	125 (69.8)	669 (78.8)
Social distancing-easy^† †Significant variables to the regression model.	31 (22.3)	15 (17.7)	56 (21.1)	42 (23.3)	50 (27.9)	194 (22.9)

	Age group (months/years)
	0–12 months	13–23 months	2–4 years	5–7 years	8–12 years	0–12 years
n	139	85	266	180	179	849
	n (%)
Physically active	5 (3.6)	10 (11.8)	76 (28.6)	89 (49.4)	87 (48.6)	30 (9.8)
Frequency of PA^* *Percentages calculated based on the number of children who used media/were physically active. (x/week)
1	8 (80.0)	1 (10.0)	15 (19.7)	10 (11.2)	8 (9.2)	10 (33.3)
2	1 (20.0)	1 (10.0)	17 (22.4)	27 (30.3)	33 (37.9)	6 (20.0)
3	0 (0.0)	2 (20.0)	12 (15.8)	22 (24.7)	26 (29.9)	2 (6.7)
>3	0 (0.0)	6 (60.0)	31 (42.1)	30 (33.7)	20 (23.0)	12 (40.0)
Duration of PA^b
30 minutes	5 (100)	6 (60.0)	44 (57.9)	45 (50.6)	36 (41.4)	20 (66.7)
1 hours	0 (0.0)	3 (30.0)	14 (18.4)	34 (38.2)	33 (37.9)	6 (20.0)
>1 hours	0 (0.0)	1 (10.0)	18 (23.7)	10 (11.2)	18 (20.7)	4 (13.0)

Age group	Associated variables	Effect level	PedsQL™ score response level	Estimate	Standard error	Wald	p	OR	LL	UL
0–12 years	Paternal absence	No	High	0.44	0.22	3.92	0.05	1.56	1.00	2.42
	Health condition	Typical	High	0.87	0.20	18.11	<0.01	2.38	1.60	3.55
	Screen time	≤2 h/day	High	0.48	0.16	8.59	<0.01	1.62	1.17	2.24
	Stimulation at home	Yes	High	0.66	0.30	4.96	0.03	1.93	1.08	3.45
	Social distancing	Easy	High	0.51	0.17	9.26	<0.01	1.67	1.20	2.32
	Time fathers spent with the children	<3±3 h/day	Medium	-0.33	0.12	7.39	0.01	0.72	0.57	0.91
	Paternal absence	No	Medium	0.34	0.15	5.19	0.02	1.41	1.05	1.89
	Health condition	Typical	Medium	0.38	0.12	10.68	<0.01	1.46	1.16	1.84
	Stimulation at home	Yes	Medium	0.52	0.17	9.44	<0.01	1.68	1.21	2.34

Age group	Associated variables	Effect level	PedsQL™ score response level	Estimate	Standard error	Wald	p	OR	LL	UL
0–12 m	Attended daycare/school	No	High	–8.11	0.49	275.61	<0.01	0.0003	0.0001	0.0008
0–12 m	Screen time	≤2 h/day	High	–7.72	0.60	167.46	<0.01	0.0004	0.0001	0.0014
13–23 m	Householder	Father	High	1.76	0.34	26.78	<0.01	5.80	2.98	11.30
	Paternal age	>37±8 years	High	–10.71	0.48	490.74	<0.01	0.00002	0.00001	0.00006
	Time fathers spent with the children	<3±3 h/day	High	1.37	0.35	14.86	<0.01	3.92	1.96	7.86
	Maternal age	<37±7 years	High	–9.82	0.48	425.35	<0.01	0.00005	0.00002	0.00014
	Paternal absence	No	High	6.06	0.74	66.32	<0.01	430.31	99.97	1852.11
	Health condition	Typical	High	5.64	0.58	94.65	<0.01	282.41	90.60	880.32
	Attended daycare	No	High	3.96	0.32	150.72	<0.01	52.52	27.90	98.85
	Social distancing	Easy	High	1.99	0.48	16.92	<0.01	7.30	2.83	18.83
	Stimulation at home	Yes	Medium	2.15	837.19	0.00	<0.01	8.60	0.00	-
2–4 y	Health condition	Typical	High	1.09	0.41	6.90	0.01	2.97	1.32	6.69
	Screen time	≤2 h/day	High	7.34	0.49	220.48	<0.01	1534.77	582.77	4041.90
	Time fathers spent with the children	<3±3 h/day	Medium	–0.78	0.35	4.92	0.03	0.46	0.23	0.91
	Stimulation at home	Yes	Medium	1.09	0.49	5.05	0.02	2.98	1.15	7.72
5–7 y	Screen time	≤2 h/day	High	0.89	0.41	4.61	0.03	2.43	1.08	5.47
	Social distancing	Easy	High	0.91	0.39	5.28	0.02	2.47	1.14	5.35
	Health condition	Typical	Medium	0.46	0.22	4.30	0.04	1.58	1.03	2.43
8–12 y	Health condition	Typical	High	1.58	0.82	3.74	0.05	4.86	0.98	24.08
	Attended daycare/school	No	High	1.75	0.90	3.78	0.05	5.76	0.98	33.69
	Social distancing	Easy	Medium	0.55	0.26	4.60	0.03	1.73	1.05	2.85

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[1] *Corresponding author: E-mail: ribasmelo@ufpr.br (T. R. Mélo)