Behavior change stages related to physical activity in adolescents from Santa Catarina: prevalence and associated factors

Silva, Jaqueline Aragoni da; Silva, Kelly Samara da; Lopes, Adair da Silva; Nahas, Markus Vinícius

doi:10.1016/j.rppede.2016.03.017

Brasil

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. paul. pediatr. 34 (4) • Oct-Dec 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rppede.2016.03.017 linkcopy

Behavior change stages related to physical activity in adolescents from Santa Catarina: prevalence and associated factors

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective: Verify the prevalence and sociodemographic and economic factors associated with behavior change stages for habitual physical activity practice in adolescents from Santa Catarina.

Methods: Secondary analysis of a study on the Behavior of Adolescents from Santa Catarina (CompAC 2). Cross-sectional school-based study of 6,529 high-school students (males, n=2,903) from the state of Santa Catarina public education system in 2011, aged 15 to 19 years. Multinomial logistic regression (crude and adjusted) was used to measure the association.

Results: The highest and lowest prevalence rates were found in the maintenance (43.9%) and precontemplation stages (7.0%), respectively. The stages of action, preparation and contemplation showed similar results: 16.2%; 17.0% and 15.6%; respectively. Male adolescents show higher prevalence in the maintenance stage in relation to females and these show a higher prevalence in preparation, contemplation and precontemplation. All the assessed variables (gender, age, area of residence, employment status, family income, maternal education and school grade), with the exception of school shift, were associated with at least one of the stages.

Conclusions: A large proportion of adolescents are in the pre-adoption stages and most of these have the intention to start regular physical activity. With the exception of school shift, the assessed variables were associated with stages in different ways, showing different profiles in relation to sociodemographic and economic characteristics in each subgroup.

KEYWORDS Physical activity; Exercise; Adolescent; Behavior; Theoretical models; Epidemiology

Variables	n	%
Gender
Male	2903	42.2
Female	3626	57.8

Age
15-16 years	3839	58.8
17-19 years	2690	41.2

Area of residence
Rural	1537	19.6
Urban	4946	80.4

Employment situation
Works	3656	50.6
Does not work	2870	49.5

Family income
Up to three minimum wages	2155	31.3
Three to five minimum wages	3167	50.3
Six or more minimum wages	1131	18.4

Maternal level of schooling
Elementary school	3612	54.4
High school	1879	33.1
College/university	684	12.5

School grade
10th grade	2025	31.7
11th grade	2341	36.0
12th grade	2163	32.3

School shift
Morning	3945	74.3
Evening	2584	25.7

	n	Maintenance	Action	Preparation	Contemplation	Pre-Contemplation
		% (95%CI)	% (95%CI)	% (95%CI)	% (95%CI)	% (95%CI)
Variables		43.9 (42.0-45.8)	16.2 (15.1-17.4)	17.0 (15.5-18.5)	16.0 (14.5-17.5)	7.0 (6.3-8.0)
Gender
Male	2.894	57.9 (55.5-60.3)	14.8 (13.3-16.5)	10.7 (9.3-12.2)	11.1 (9.6-12.9)	5.4 (4.3-6.8)
Female	3.613	33.6 (31.0-36.4)	17.2 (15.6-19.0)	21.6 (19.6-23.7)	19.5 (17.5-21.6)	8.1 (7.2-9.1)

Age
15-16 years	3.823	43.7 (42.1-45.2)	18.0 (16.8-19.2)	17.1 (15.9-18.3)	14.2 (13.1-15.3)	7.1 (6.3-7.9)
17-19 years	2.684	47.6 (45.7-49.5)	13.7 (12.4-15.0)	15.2 (13.9-16.6)	16.2 (14.8-17.6)	7.2 (6.2-8.2)

Area of residence
Rural	1.532	45.8 (41.1-50.6)	14.0 (11.6-16.7)	17.6 (15.6-19.9)	15.3 (12.5-18.6)	7.3 (5.8-9.0)
Urban	4.930	43.4 (41.5-45.4)	16.7 (15.4-18.1)	16.9 (15.2-18.7)	16.1 (14.5-17.9)	6.9 (6.1-7.8)

Employment situation
Works	3.640	50.2 (48.0-52.3)	16.2 (14.9-17.6)	15.0 (13.5-16.6)	13.4 (12.0-15.0)	5.2 (4.5-6.1)
Does not work	2.865	37.5 (34.8-40.4)	16.2 (14.6-18.0)	19.0 (16.6-21.7)	18.5 (16.5-20.8)	8.7 (7.6-9.9)

Family income ^a a Minimum wages.
Up to two	2.148	40.9 (37.6-44.3)	16.9 (14.7-19.3)	19.3 (17.5-21.4)	14.6 (12.8-16.6)	8.3 (6.9-10.1)
Three to Five	3.160	43.2 (40.2-46.3)	16.4 (14.8-18.2)	17.1 (14.7-19.7)	16.9 (14.9-19.0)	6.4 (5.7-7.3)
Six or more	1.128	50.6 (47.1-54.1)	14.7 (12.6-17.0)	12.6 (10.3-15.2)	15.9 (13.7-18.5)	6.3 (4.6-8.4)

Maternal level of schooling
Elementary school	3.600	43.2 (40.8-45.6)	15.9 (14.6-17.2)	18.0 (16.3-19.8)	16.1 (14.0-18.3)	6.9 (5.9-8.1)
High school	1.878	44.1 (41.0-47.2)	16.7 (15.0-18.6)	15.7 (13.5-18.1)	17.0 (14.9-19.4)	6.6 (5.5-7.8)
College/university	683	48.3 (44.2-52.3)	15.0 (12.3-18.3)	16.5 (12.4-21.8)	13.2 (10.5-16.4)	7.0 (5.5-8.9)

School grade
10th	2.014	44.7 (41.6-47.8)	18.3 (16.2-20.5)	16.9 (15.4-18.6)	11.9 (9.6-14.7)	8.2 (6.7-10.0)
11th	2.331	43.8 (41.0-46.6)	17.2 (15.1-19.5)	17.3 (15.0-19.8)	15.2 (13.0-17.8)	6.5 (5.5-7.7)
12th	2.162	43,2 (40.2-46.3)	13.1 (11.4-15.1)	16.7 (14.6-19.1)	20.7 (18.7-22.9)	6.3 (5.1-7.7)

School shift
Morning	3934	42.9 (40.6-45.3)	16.4 (15.1-17.7)	17.2 (15.4-19.2)	16.5 (14.8-18.3)	7.1 (6.2-8.2)
Evening	2573	46.7 (44.2-49.3)	15.8 (13.7-18.1)	16.4 (14.6-18.4)	14.5 (12.6-16.6)	6.6 (5.4-8.1)

Variables	Action	Preparation	Contemplation	Pre-contemplation
	Crude OR (95%CI)	Crude OR (95%CI)	Crude OR (95%CI)	Crude OR (95%CI)
Gender
Male	1	1	1	1
Female	2.00 (1.64-2.43)	3.47 (2.85-4.23)	3.01 (2.41-3.76)	2.56 (1.93-3.40)

Age
16-17 years	1	1	1	1
18-19 years	0.73 (0.61-0.87)	0.84 (0.70-1.01)	1.08 (0.09-1.29)	0.87 (0.68-1.12)

Area of residence
Rural	1	1	1	1
Urban	1.26 (0.96-1.66)	1.01 (0.81-1.27)	1.11 (0.83-1.49)	1.00 (0.76-1.34)

Employment situation
Works	1	1	1	1
Does not work	1.34 (1.16-1.55)	1.70 (1.35-2.14)	1.84 (1.55-2.19)	2.22 (1.79-2.77)

Family income ^a a Minimum wages.
Up to two	1	1	1	1
Three to five	0.92 (0.72-1.17)	0.83 (0.64-1.08)	1.10 (0.87-1.38)	0.73 (0.56-0.96)
Six or more	0.70 (0.52-0.94)	0.52 (0.41-0.68)	0.88 (0.68-1.14)	0.61 (0.42-0.89)

Maternal level of schooling
Elementary school	1	1	1	1
High school	1.03 (0.87-1.23)	0.85 (0.69-1.05)	1.04 (0.82-1.32)	0.93 (0.72-1.19)
College/university	0.85 (0.67-1.07)	0.82 (0.59-1.16)	0.73 (0.54-1.00)	0.91 (0.69-1.20)

School grade
10th	1	1	1	1
11th	0.96 (0.76-1.22)	1.04 (0.86-1.26)	1.31 (0.94-1.81)	0.81 (0.59-1.11)
12th	0.74 (0.59-0.93)	1.02 (0.84-1.24)	1.81 (1.42-2.29)	0,.79 (0.59-1.06)

School shift
Morning	1	1	1	1
Evening	0.88 (0.72-1.08)	0.88 (0.71-1.07)	0.81 (0.67-0.98)	0.85 (0.65-1.12)

Variables	Action	Preparation	Contemplation	Pre-contemplation
	Adjusted OR (95%CI)	Adjusted OR (95%CI)	Adjusted OR (95%CI)	Adjusted OR (95%CI)
Gender
Male	1	1	1	1
Female	1.98 (1.63-2.41)	3.46 (2.85-4.20)	3.02 (2.42-3.77)	2.55 (1.92-3.40)

Age
16-17 years	1	1	1	1
18-19 years	0.75 (0.63-0.90)	0.88 (0.73-1.05)	1.21 (0.94-1.34)	0.90 (0.70-1.15)

Area of residence
Rural	1	1	1	1
Urban	1.33 (1.01-1.76)	1.07 (0.83-1.38)	1.10 (0.81-1.50)	1.02 (0.76-1.40)

Employment situation
Works	1	1	1	1
Does not work	1.16 (1.00-1.34)	1.41 (1.11-1.79)	1.71 (1.45-2.03)	1.89 (1.46-2.44)

Family income ^a a Minimum wages.
Up to two	1	1	1	1
Three to five	1.05 (0.84-1.31)	1.02 (0.78-1.33)	1.43 (1.18-1.74)	0.82 (0.61-1.11)
Six or more	0.84 (0.62. 1.12)	0.77 (0.60-0.99)	1.44 (1.10-1.89)	0.78 (0.54-1.21)

Maternal level of schooling
Elementary school	1	1	1	1
High school	1.02 (0.86-1.23)	0.88 (0.70-1.11)	1.03 (0.81-1.32)	0.97 (0.76-1.25)
College/university	0.83 (0.66-1.04)	0.89 (0.64-1.24)	0.67 (0.48-0.94)	0.94 (0.68-1.29)

School grade
10th	1	1	1	1
11th	0.97 (0.75-1.24)	1.04 (0.83-1.29)	1.35 (0.93-1.96)	0.86 (0.63-1.17)
12th	0.79 (0.61-1.03)	1.07 (0.80-1.43)	2.01 (1.47-2.75)	0.75 (0.54-1.04)

School shift
Morning	-	-	-	-
Evening	-	-	-	-

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[TFN4] CI, confidence interval.

[TFN1] ^a
Minimum wages.