LIFESTYLE AND ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS HAVE GREATER ASSOCIATIONS WITH STEPS/DAY IN BOYS THAN IN GIRLS

Victo, Eduardo Rossato de; Ferrari, Gerson; Pires, Carlos André Miranda; Solé, Dirceu; Araújo, Timóteo Leandro; Katzmarzyk, Peter Todd; Matsudo, Victor Keihan Rodrigues

doi:10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2019413

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Revista Paulista de Pediatria

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. paul. pediatr. 39 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2019413 copy

LIFESTYLE AND ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS HAVE GREATER ASSOCIATIONS WITH STEPS/DAY IN BOYS THAN IN GIRLS

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To verify the association of lifestyle, anthropometric, sociodemographic, family and school environment indicators with the number of steps/day in children.

Methods:

The sample consisted of 334 children (171 boys) from nine to 11 years old. Participants used the Actigraph GT3X accelerometer to monitor the number of steps/day, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (ST) for seven consecutive days. Height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat were also measured. Lifestyle indicators such as diet, environment, neighborhood, and parental schooling level were obtained with questionnaires. For the identification of variables associated to the number of steps/day, multiple linear regression models were used.

Results:

The mean steps/day of boys and girls were statistically different (10,471 versus 8,573; p<001). Among boys, the variables associated to the number of steps/day were: MVPA (β=0.777), ST (β=-0.131), BMI (β=-0.135), WC (β=-0.117), and BF (β=-0.127). Among girls, the variables associated to the number of steps/day were: MVPA (β=0.837), ST (β=-0.112), and parents’ educational level (β=0.129).

Conclusions:

Lifestyle indicators, body composition variables and parental educational level influence the number of steps/day of children, and MVPA and ST are common for both sexes.

Keywords:
Motor activity; Lifestyle; Body composition; Public health; Pediatrics; Students

	Male (n=171)	Female (n=163)	p-value
Sociodemographic
Age (years old)	10.4 (0.5)	10.4 (0.5)	0.822*
Skin color
White/Caucasian	125 (73.1)	128 (78.5)	0.096**
Black	13 (7.6)	11 (6.7)
Mixed	28 (16.4)	14 (8.6)
Other	5 (2.9)	10 (6.1)
Annual family income (R$)
Up to 19,620	59 (34.5)	58 (35.6)	0.155**
From 19,621 to 32,700	53 (31.0)	34 (20.9)
From 32,701 to 58,860	37 (21.6)	42 (25.8)
More than 58,860	22 (12.9)	29 (17.8)
Mother’s professional situation
Part-time employed or less	95 (55.6)	78 (47.9)	0.159**
Full-time employed	76 (44.4)	85 (52.1)
Father’s professional situation
Part-time employed or less	59 (34.5)	56 (34.4)	0.977**
Full-time employed	112 (65.5)	107 (65.6)
Paents’ combined educational level
Incomplete high school	37 (21.6)	34 (20.9)	0.982**
Complete high school	96 (56.1)	93 (57.1)
Undergraduation or graduation	38 (22.2)	36 (22.1)
Family environment
Number of siblings	1.3 (1.1)	1.3 (1.1)	0.922*
Number of TVs at home	2.3 (1.0)	2.3 (0.9)	0.471*
TV in the bedroom
No	45 (26.3)	40 (24.5)	0.710**
Yes	126 (73.7)	123 (75.5)
Number of cars at home	1.0 (0.8)	1.0 (0.8)	0.781*
School environment
Type of school
Public	167 (97.7)	158 (96.9)	0.681**
Private	4 (2.3)	5 (3.1)
School with physical activity policies
No	88 (51.5)	65 (39.9)	0.034**
Yes	83 (48.5)	98 (60.1)
School with healthy eating policies
No	99 (57.9)	83 (50.9)	0.201**
Yes	72 (42.1)	80 (49.1)

	Male (n=171)	Female (n=163)	p-value
Eating
Healthy eating score (scale from 1 to 7)	3.1 (0.9)	2.8 (0.8)	0.033*
Unhealthy eating score (scale from 1 to 7)	3.8 (1.2)	3.8 (1.1)	0.650*
Breakfast (days/week)	5.5 (2.1)	5.00 (2.2)	0.052*
Commuting to school
Type of transport
Passive	105 (61.4)	94 (57.7)	0.487**
Active	66 (38.6)	69 (42.3)
Time of transport
≤15 minutes	102 (59.6)	119 (73.0)	0.036**
>15 and ≤30 minutes	40 (23.4)	25 (15.3)
>30 minutes	29 (17.0)	19 (11.7)
Screen time (hours/day)
Total time	4.1 (2.2)	3.6 (2.0)	0.068*
TV time	2.3 (1.4)	2.3 (1.3)	0.667*
Video game or computer time	1.7 (1.3)	1.4 (1.2)	0.009*
Sleep
Quality
Bad/very bad	7 (4.1)	9 (5.5)	0.541**
Good/very good	164 (95.9)	154 (94.5)
Quantity
Bad/very bad	10 (5.8)	7 (4.3)	0.518**
Good/very good	161 (94.2)	156 (95.7)
Physical activity
Physical education classes (days/week)	2.1 (1.0)	2.1 (0.8)	0.449*
MPA (min/day)	47.8 (15.0)	34.3 (12.9)	<0.001*
VPA (min/day)	22.7 (12.6)	12.7 (6.7)	<0.001*
MVPA (min/day)	70.5 (25.8)	46.9 (18.6)	<0.001*
Sedentary time (min/day)	491.1 (68.7)	510.2 (67.2)	0.011 *
Number of steps/day	10,470.6 (2,666.6)	8,573.2 (2,266.9)	<0.001*
Body fat (%)	21.3 (9.6)	25.8 (9.0)	<0.001*
Waist circumference (cm)	67.9 (11.7)	67.0 (9.8)	0.483*
Height (cm)	143.2 (7.1)	144.2 (8.2)	0.236*
Body mass (kg)	41.7 (12.9)	42.3 (12.2)	0.617*
Body mass index (kg/m²)	20.0 (4.7)	20.1 (4.5)	0.800*
Body mass index - categorical
Underweight	3 (1.8)	1 (0.6)	0.016**
Normal weight	82 (48.0)	76 (46.6)
Overweight	30 (17.5)	50 (30.7)
Obesity	56 (32.7)	36 (22.1)

	Non-standardized coefficient B	Standardized coefficient β	p-value
Sociodemographic, family and school characteristics
Family income (reference: up to R$ 19,620)
From R$ 19,621 to R$ 32,700	-294.2	-0.051	0.569
From R$ 32,701 to R$ 58,860	-604.8	-0.094	0.290
More than R$ 58,860	-967.1	-0.122	0.154
Mother’s professional situation (reference: part-time or less)
Full-time employed	553.7	0.103	0.176
Father’s professional situation (reference: part-time or less)
Full-time employed	576.0	0.103	0.194
Parents’ educational level (reference: incomplete high school)
Complete high school	276.3	0.052	0.595
Undergraduation or graduation	65.9	0.010	0.916
Number of siblings	-34.0	-0.014	0.855
Number of TVs at home	222.9	0.081	0.301
TV in the bedroom - yes (reference: no)	-535.9	-0.089	0.250
Type of school (reference: public)
Private school	-147.2	-0.008	0.913
School with physical activity policies - yes (reference: no)	-290.7	-0.055	0.491
School with healthy eating policies - yes (reference: no)	237.9	0.044	0.590
Behavioral characteristics and physical activity
Healthy eating score (scale from 1 to 7)	-9.5	-0.003	0.965
Unhealthy eating score (scale from 1 to 7)	-131.6	-0.060	0.441
Breakfast (days/week)	-40.0	-0.031	0.694
Type of transport to school (reference: passive)
Active	153.2	0.028	0.717
Time of transport to school (reference: ≤15 minutes)
>15 and ≤30 minutes	-151.8	-0.024	0.763
>30 minutes	-730.9	-0.103	0.203
Screen time (hours/day)	-124.8	-0.101	0.187
Quality of sleep (reference: bad/very bad)
Good/very good	2016.2	0.150	0.051
Quantity of sleep (reference: bad/very bad)
Good/very good	578.1	0.051	0.508
Physical education classes (days/week)	329.3	0.131	0.096
MVPA (min/day)	93.1	0.900	<0.001
Sedentary time (min/day)	-22.0	-0.566	<0.001
Anthropometric characteristics
Body fat (%)	-98.4	-0.352	<0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	-84.9	-0.372	<0.001
Body mass index (kg/m²)	-192.0	-0.339	<0.001

	Non-standardized coefficient B	Standardized coefficient β	p-value
Sociodemographic, family and school characteristics
Family income (reference: up to R$ 19,620)
From R$ 19,621 to R$ 32,700	-369.0	-0.066	0.429
From R$ 32,701 to R$ 58,860	-963.9	-0.187	0.032
More than R$ 58,860	-1,505.0	-0.255	0.003
Mother’s professional situation (reference:part-time or less)
Full-time employed	354.8	0.078	0.313
Father’s professional situation (reference: part-time or less)
Full-time employed	-685.3	-0.144	0.067
Parents’ educational level (reference: incomplete high school)
Complete high school	-149.4	-0.033	0.738
Undergraduation or graduation	-1,371.1	-0.252	0.012
Number of siblings	264.8	0.128	0.097
Number of TVs at home	-539.3	-0.227	0.004
TV in the bedroom - yes (reference: no)	-756.5	-0.144	0.060
Type of school (reference: public)
Private school	-1,352.9	-0.103	0.180
School with physical activity policies - yes (reference: no)	-684.3	-0.148	0.061
School with healthy eating policies - yes (reference: no)	-508.0	-0.112	0.180
Behavioral characteristics and physical activity
Healthy eating score (scale from 1 to 7)	66.0	0.023	0.769
Unhealthy eating score (scale from 1 to 7)	141.2	0.071	0.361
Breakfast (days/week)	-62.2	-0.061	0.438
Type of transport to school (reference: passive)
Active	1,008.4	0.220	0.004
Time of transport to school (referebce: ≤15 minutes)
>15 and ≤30 minutes	-189.2	-0.030	0.704
>30 minutes	57.1	0.008	0.917
Screen time (hours/day)	-125.7	-0.114	0.148
Quality of sleep (reference: bad/very bad)
Good/very good	-900.8	-0.091	0.239
Quantity of sleep (reference: bad/very bad)
Good/very good	-1,102.8	-0.099	0.198
Physical education classess (days/week)	-53.3	-0.020	0.797
MVPA (min/day)	107.7	0.886	<0.001
Sedentary time (min/day)	-17.8	-0.528	<0.001
Anthropometric characteristics
Body fat (%)	-11.4	-0.045	0.564
Waist circumference (cm)	-10.7	-0.047	0.552
Body mass index (kg/m²)	-20.2	-0.040	0.603

Boys	Non-standardized coefficient B	Standardized coefficient β	p-value
Model 1 (R²=80.7%)
MVPA (min/day)	80.3	0.777	<0.001
Sedentary time (min/day)	-5.1	-0.131	0.002
Body fat (%)	-35.3	-0.127	0.001
Model 2 (R²=80.5%)
MVPA (min/day)	80.2	0.775	<0.001
Sedentary time (min/day)	-5.1	-0.132	0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	-26.6	-0.117	0.001
Model 3 (R²=81.0%)
MVPA (min/day)	80.3	0.776	<0.001
Sedentary time (min/day)	-5.3	-0.136	0.001
Body mass index (kg/m²)	-76.3	-0.135	<0.001
Girls	Non-standardized coefficient β	Standardized coefficient β	p-value
Model 1 (R²=83.3%)
Parents’ educational level (reference: incomplete high school)
Complete high school	589.6	0.129	0.004
Undergraduation or graduation	210.9	0.039	0.399
MVPA (min/day)	101.8	0.837	<0.001
Sedentary time (min/day)	-3.8	-0.112	0.006

Sociedade de Pediatria de São Paulo R. Maria Figueiredo, 595 - 10o andar, 04002-003 São Paulo - SP - Brasil, Tel./Fax: (11 55) 3284-0308; 3289-9809; 3284-0051 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rpp@spsp.org.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] *Corresponding author. E-mail: gersonferrari08@yahoo.com.br (G. Ferrari).