Chilblain-like |
99 Locatelli AG, Test E, Vezzoli P, Carugno A, Moggio E, Consonni L, et al. Histologic features of long-lasting chilblain-like lesions in a paediatric COVID-19 patient. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34:365-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16617 https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16617...
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Papillary dermis edema, perivascular and perieccrine lymphocytic infiltrate. |
1414 Colonna C, Monzani NA, Rocchi A, Gianotti R, Boggio F, Gelmetti C. Chilblain-like lesions in children following suspected COVID-19 infection. Pediatr Dermatol. 2020;37:437-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.14210 https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.14210...
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Dense perivascular and periadnexal lymphocytic infiltrates that extend to the subcutaneous region. |
1717 García-Gil MF, García M, Serrano J, Prieto-Torres L, Ara-Martín M. Acral purpuric lesions (erythema multiforme type) associated with thrombotic vasculopathy in a child during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34:e443-5. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16644 https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16644...
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Partial epidermal necrosis and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate in the dermis. Capillaries in papillary dermis with microthrombi and erythrocyte extravasation. |
1818 Roca-Ginés J, Torres-Navarro I, Sánchez-Arráez J, Abril-Pérez C, Sabalza-Baztán O, Pardo-Granell S, et al. Assessment of Acute Acral Lesions in a case series of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Dermatol. 2020;156:992-7. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.2340 https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.202...
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Moderate edema in the papillary dermis, perivascular infiltrate, lymphocytic vasculitis infiltrate. Perieccrine and perivascular infiltrate. |
1919 Colmenero I, Santonja C, Alonso-Riaño M, Noguera-Morel L, Hernández-Martín A, Andina D, et al. SARS-CoV-2 endothelial infection causes COVID-19 chilblains: histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of seven paediatric cases. Br J Dermatol. 2020;183:729-37. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.19327 https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.19327...
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Vacuolar changes in the basal layer, spongiosis, dermal edema, perivascular inflammation. |
2020 López-Robles J, Hera I, Pardo-Sánchez J, Ruiz-Martínez J, Cutillas-Marco E. Chilblain-like lesions: a case series of 41 patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2020;45:891-2. https://doi.org/10.1111/ced.14275 https://doi.org/10.1111/ced.14275...
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Basal layer vacuolar degeneration with sparse necrotic keratinocytes and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, without thrombosis evidence. |
2121 Andina D, Noguera-Morel L, Bascuas-Arribas M, Gaitero-Tristán J, Alonso-Cadenas JA, Escalada-Pellitero S, et al. Chilblains in children in the setting of COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatr Dermatol. 2020;37:406-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.14215 https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.14215...
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Perivascular and periadnexal lymphocyte infiltrate, dermal papillary edema, vacuolar degeneration of the basal layer, and lymphocytic exocytosis for the epidermis and across syringeal. |
2323 Cordoro KM, Reynolds SD, Wattier R, McCalmont TH. Clustered cases of acral perniosis: clinical features, histopathology, and relationship to COVID-19. Pediatr Dermatol. 2020;37:419-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.14227 https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.14227...
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Perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate and superficial and lymphocytic vasculitis, without thrombosis evidence. |
2424 Schnapp A, Abulhija H, Maly A, Armoni-Weiss G, Levin Y, Faitatziadou SM, et al. Introductory histopathological findings may shed light on COVID-19 paediatric hyperinflammatory shock syndrome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34:665-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16749 https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16749...
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Extensive epidermal and dermal necrosis with thrombi in vessels. Neutrophilic infiltration and nuclear debris surrounding the vessels. |
88 Mazzotta F, Troccoli T. Acute acro-ischemia in the child at the time of COVID-19. Eur J Pediat Dermatol. 2020;30:71-4. https://doi.org/10.26326/2281-9649.30.2.2102 https://doi.org/10.26326/2281-9649.30.2....
, 1010 Neri I, Patrizi A, Gabrielli L, Virdi A, Veronesi G, Corsini I, et al. Acral skin eruption observed during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: possible keratolysis exfoliativa with red palms and soles. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34:783-5. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16881 https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16881...
–1313 Mastrolonardo M, Romita P, Bonifazi E, Giuffrida R, Lotti T, Foti C, et al. The management of the outbreak of acral skin manifestations in asymptomatic children during COVID-19 era. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33:13617. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13617 https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13617...
, 1515 Serrano JM, Monferrer JC, García-Gil MF. Acro-ischemic skin lesions during COVID-19 epidemic. Semergen. 2020;46:103-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semerg.2020.05.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semerg.2020.05...
, 1616 Rosés-Gibert P, Castillo J, Aguirre A, Gomar FJ, González L, Arcaya Z, et al. Acral lesions in a pediatric population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case series of 36 patients from a single hospital in Spain. World J Pediatr. 2020;16:629-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00390-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00390...
, 2222 Garcia-Lara G, Linares-González L, Ródenas-Herranz T, Ruiz-Villaverde R. Chilblain-like lesions in pediatrics dermatological outpatients during the COVID-19 outbreak. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33:13516. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13516 https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13516...
, 2525 Rafai M, Elbenaye J, Sabry S, Janah H. Delayed hypersensitivity as a pathophysiological mechanism in cutaneous lesions due to SARS-CoV-2. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;35:115. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.2.24980 https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2020....
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Not performed |
Erythema multiforme-like |
2727 El Hachem M, Diociaiuti A, Concato C, Carsetti R, Carnevale C, Atti M, et al. A clinical, histopathological and laboratory study of 19 consecutive Italian paediatric patients with chilblain-like lesions: lights and shadows on the relationship with COVID-19 infection. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34:2620-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16682 https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16682...
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Papillary dermis edema and erythrocytes extravasation. Perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate. |
3030 Torrelo A, Andina D, Santonja C, Noguera-Morel L, Bascuas-Arribas M, Gaitero-Tristán J, et al. Erythema multiforme-like lesions in children and COVID-19. Pediatr Dermatol. 2020;37:442-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.14246 https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.14246...
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Spongiosis and lymphocyte exocytosis. Perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate without eosinophils or necrotic keratinocytes. Vascular ectasia and lymphocytic vasculitis. Fibrinoid necrosis and thrombosis were absent. |
2222 Garcia-Lara G, Linares-González L, Ródenas-Herranz T, Ruiz-Villaverde R. Chilblain-like lesions in pediatrics dermatological outpatients during the COVID-19 outbreak. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33:13516. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13516 https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13516...
, 2626 Maniaci A, Iannella G, Vicini C, Pavone P, Nunnari G, Falsaperla R, et al. A Case of COVID-19 with late-onset rash and transient loss of taste and smell in a 15-year-old boy. Am J Case Rep. 2020;21:925813. https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.925813 https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.925813...
, 2828 Piccolo V, Neri I, Filippeschi C, Oranges T, Argenziano G, Battarra VC, et al. Chilblain-like lesions during COVID-19 epidemic: a preliminary study on 63 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34:291-3. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16526 https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16526...
, 2929 Morey-Olivé M, Espiau M, Mercadal-Hally M, Lera-Carballo E, García-Patos V. Manifestaciones cutáneas en contexto del brote actual de enfermedad por coronavirus 2019. An Pediatr (Barc). 2020;92:377-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.04.013 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.04...
, 3131 Morey-Olivé M, Espiau M, Mercadal-Hally M, Lera-Carballo E, García-Patos V. Cutaneous manifestations in the current pandemic of coronavirus infection disease (COVID 2019). An Pediatr (Engl Ed). 2020;92:374-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpede.2020.04.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpede.2020.04...
–3939 Olisova OY, Anpilogova EM, Shnakhova LM. Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a skin rash in a child. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33:13712. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13712 https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13712...
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Not performed |
Varicella-like |
4040 Genovese G, Colonna C, Marzano AV. Varicella-like exanthem associated with COVID-19 in an 8-year-old girl: a diagnostic clue? Pediatr Dermatol. 2020;37:435-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.14201 https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.14201...
–4242 Aghazadeh N, Homayouni M, Sartori-Valinotti JC. Oral vesicles and acral erythema: report of a cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19. Int J Dermatol. 2020;59:1153-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.15047 https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.15047...
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Not performed |