Factors associated with short sleep duration in adolescents

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with short sleep duration in adolescents from Maravilha – Santa Catarina (SC), southern Brazil.

Methods:

The sample consisted of 516 adolescents aged 10–19 years of both genders. Issues associated with short sleep duration and difficulty falling asleep, chronotype, daytime sleepiness, physical activity, sedentary behavior and weight status were investigated.

Results:

The prevalence of short sleep duration (<8h on school days) was 53.6%. Adolescents aged 17–19 years showed a 2.05-fold (95%CI: 1.20–3.50) greater prevalence of short sleep duration than those aged 10–12 years. The ones studying in morning and evening shifts had a higher prevalence of short sleep duration compared to those in the afternoon shift. Older age and school shift were the main factors associated with short sleep duration.

Conclusions:

Adolescents from Maravilha showed high prevalence of short sleep duration, and older adolescents that studied in the morning and evening shifts showed reduced sleep.

KEYWORDS
School health; Sleep; Habits; Adolescents

Variable		Total	Male	Female	p -value ^a a p -value of Chi-square or Kruskal–Wallis.
Age (years)		14.6 (1.8)	14.4 (1.9)	14.7 (1.6)	0.033
Age range (%)					0.041
	10–12	15.3	18.6	11.9
	13–14	27.3	29.7	24.9
	15–16	45.5	40.3	51.0
	17–19	11.8	11.4	12.3

Place of residence (%)					0.662
	Rural	21.2	20.9	19.4
	Urban	79.8	79.1	80.6

School shift (%)					0.782
	Morning	71.9	71.1	72.7
	Afternoon	19.4	20.5	18.2
	Evening	8.7	8.4	9.1

Family income (%)					0.642
	≤3 minimum wages	20.0	23.2	16.9
	3.1–6 minimum wages	50.2	45.6	54.9
	>6 minimum wages	29.8	31.2	28.5

PDSS (points)		15.1 (5.6)	14.6 (5.4)	15.6 (5.7)	0.030
Munich ^b b Chronotype according to Munich's classification. (hours)		4.6 (1.67)	4.7 (1.75)	4.4 (1.58)	0.028

Nap (%)					0.084
	Never/almost never	33.5	36.9	30.0
	Sometimes	57.6	52.9	62.5
	Almost always/always	8.9	10.3	7.5

Weekly physical activity (min.)		501.5 (536.6)	562.9 (523.9)	437.6 (543.3)	<0.001
Insufficiently active (%)		40.1	33.5	46.2	0.003
Time spent in the sitting position (min.)		382.2 (234.1)	352.1 (225.8)	413.6 (238.9)	0.001
Perception of high stress		22.1	11.8	32.8	<0.001

Weight status					0.493
	Normal weight	81.0	79.8	82.2
	Excess weight	19.0	20.2	17.8

Variable		Prevalence (%)	Unadjusted analysis	Adjusted analysis
			PR (95%CI)	PR (95%CI)
Gender
	Male	51.0	1	1
	Female	56.4	1.10 (0.94–1.30)	1.02 (0.80–1.32)

Age range
	10–12	31.2	1	1
	13–14	46.8	1.50 (1.03–2.18)	1.46 (0.91–2.34)
	15–16	60.9	1.95 (1.38–2.76)	1.71 (1.09–2.69)
	17–19	70.0	2.24 (1.55–3.25)	2.05 (1.20–3.50)

Place of residence				Excluded
	Rural	48.5	1
	Urban	54.9	1.13 (0.91–1.41)

	School shift
	Morning	58.3	1.82 (1.35–2.46)	1.59 (0.93–2.71)
	Afternoon	32.0	1	1
	Night	63.6	1.98 (1.38–2.86)	1.68 (1.14–2.46)

Family income
	≤3 minimum wages	49.3	1	1
	3.1–6 minimum wages	51.9	1.05 (0.85–1.29)	1.03 (0.76–1.39)
	>6 minimum wages	60.9	1.23 (1.00–1.53)	1.19 (0.86–1.64)

PDSS
	1st tertile	47.1	1	1
	2nd tertile	54.7	1.16 (0.95–1.43)	1.05 (0.77–1.41)
	3rd tertile	59.7	1.26 (1.03–1.56)	1.10 (0.79–1.52)

	Chronotype			Excluded
	1st tertile	51.9	1
	2nd tertile	50.3	0.97 (0.78–1.19)
	3rd tertile	57.7	1.14 (0.91–1.36)

Nap
	Never/almost never	44.8	1	1
	Sometimes	56.7	1.26 (1.04–1.54)	1.13 (0.86–1.49)
	Almost always/always	67.4	1.50 (1.16–1.95)	1.23 (0.79–1.92)

Physical activity				Excluded
	Active	51.9	1
	Insufficiently active	56.2	1.08 (0.92–1.27)

Time spent in the sitting position
	1st tertile	47.3	1	1
	2nd tertile	57.1	1.20 (1.00–1.47)	1.01 (0.74–1.38)
	3rd tertile	61.2	1.29 (1.07–1.57)	1.09 (0.80–1.49)

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[1] * Corresponding author. ericofelden@gmail.com (É.P.G. Felden).