Phillips & Barker1818 Phillips DI, Barker DJ. Association between low birthweight and high resting pulse in adult life: is the sympathetic nervous system involved in programming the insulin resistance syndrome? Diabet Med. 1997;14:673-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199708)14:8<673::AID-DIA458>3.0.CO;2-9 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(...
|
No |
449 subjects LBW and NBW 46-54 years and healthy |
Raised blood pressure and insulin resistance may partly result from a primary increase in SNS activity that is initiated in utero and persists into adult life. |
Weitz et al.2020 Weitz G, Deckert P, Heindl S, Struck J, Perras B, Dodt C. Evidence for lower sympathetic nerve activity in young adults with low birth weight. J Hypertens. 2003;21:943-50. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004872-200305000-00019 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004872-2003050...
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No |
26 subjects LBW and NBW 20-30 years and healthy |
Findings do not suggest that changes in sympathetic outflow to the muscle vascular bed are responsible for the increased prevalence of hypertension in this group of subjects. |
Ward et al.1616 Ward AM, Moore VM, Steptoe A, Cockington RA, Robinson JS, Phillips DI. Size at birth and cardiovascular responses to psychological stressors: evidence for prenatal programming in women. J Hypertens. 2004;22:2295-301. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004872-200412000-00011 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004872-2004120...
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No |
179 subjects LBW, NBW, HBW ~30 years |
Cardiovascular responses to psychological stressors may be programmed antenatally and suggest a potential mechanism linking reduced fetal growth with raised blood pressure and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. |
Jones et al.1515 Jones A, Beda A, Ward AM, Osmond C, Phillips DI, Moore VM, et al. Size at birth and autonomic function during psychological stress. Hypertension. 2007;49:548-55. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000257196.13485.9b https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.000025719...
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No |
179 subjects LBW and NBW ~26 years |
The study suggests that women and girls who were small at birth have greater sympathoadrenal activity than their higher birth weight peers, whereas men and boys who were small at birth have an enhanced adrenocortical response to stress, although this needs confirmation. |
Mathewson et al.1414 Mathewson KJ, Van Lieshout RJ, Saigal S, Boyle MH, Schmidt LA. Reduced respiratory sinus arrhythmia in adults born at extremely low birth weight: evidence of premature parasympathetic decline? Int J Psychophysiol. 2014;93:198-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.04.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014....
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Yes. 35 years |
77 subjects ELBW and NBW 22-35 years |
RSA may also be less stable over time in some ELBW survivors than is generally the case for NBW controls, suggesting a decrement in parasympathetic regulatory control that may warrant closer monitoring as ELBW survivors age. |
Perkiömäki et al.1717 Perkiömäki N, Auvinen J, Tulppo MP, Hautala AJ, Perkiömäki J, Karhunen V, et al. Association between Birth Characteristics and Cardiovascular Autonomic Function at Mid-Life. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0161604. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161604 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.016...
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No |
4078 subjects LBW, NBW, HBW 46 years and healthy |
The findings suggest that greater, not depressed, prenatal growth may contribute to poorer cardiovascular autonomic regulation and the related cardiac risk in later life in men. |
Bao et al.1919 Bao S, Kanno E, Maruyama R. Blunted autonomic responses and low-grade inflammation in mongolian adults born at low birth weight. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2016;240:171-9. https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.240.171 https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.240.171...
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No |
21 subjects LBW, NBW, HBW 23-24 years and healthy |
The study suggests that LBW relates to increased low-grade inflammation and blunted autonomic function in healthy young Mongolian adults, and these might be preliminary steps of hypertension development in LBW individuals. |
O'Hare et al.1313 O'Hare C, Kuh D, Hardy R. Association of early-life factors with life-course trajectories of resting heart rate: more than 6 decades of follow-up. JAMA Pediatr. 2018;172:e175525. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.5525 https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2...
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Yes. 6 decades |
4799 subjects LBW and NBW 6 up to 69 years |
Higher birth weight and conditional BMI change were associated with lower RHR at age 6 and across the life course. |
Haraldsdottir et al.2121 Haraldsdottir K, Watson AM, Beshish AG, Pegelow DF, Palta M, Tetri LH, et al. Heart rate recovery after maximal exercise is impaired in healthy young adults born preterm. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2019;119:857-66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04075-z https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04075...
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No |
28 subjects VLBW and NBW ~26-29 years |
The study demonstrates that HRR is significantly slower in healthy young adults born preterm compared to age-matched, term-born controls. |