INTRODUCTION: Schizophrenia is a chronic severe psychiatric disease causing major psychological, social and working deficiencies. Typical neuroleptics are widely used, but often produce incomplete responses, toxicity and adverse effects on motricity. Clozapine was a significant development. It is effective in treating 30-61% of the psychotic symptoms with minimal adverse effects. METHODS: Clinical experience of 56 patients with refractory schizophrenia under treatment at the Psychiatry Service of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, included in the program to supply clozapine free of charge, promoted by the Department of Health and the Environment of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. RESULTS: The mean score for the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was initially 77.9 (SD=16.1) and, at the end, 41.1 (SD=16.2). Two patients left the program and one was excluded because he developed agranulocytosis. There were 4 hospitalizations. DISCUSSION: Despite its well-established efficacy and applicability, clozapine is not free from adverse effects: postural hypotension, tachycardia, cloudy vision, dry eyes, hypersalivation, constipation and sedation frequently occur. Hematological alterations occur in 0.05-2.8%. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant and lasting improvement of the symptoms in the patients enrolled. Diseases with a longer evolution had worse responses, probably related to neurochemical and neurophysiological damage. The importance of early treatment and the need for State intervention, offering psychosocial and financial support to optimize the treatment of this population should be highlighted.
Clozapine; refractory schizophrenia; public health
