Rabbits inoculated with trypomastigotes of the Ernestina strain of Trypanosoma cruzi showed parasitemias, which were demonstrated by xenodiagnosis during five and half months of the infection. The administration of 8mg/kg/day for 2 months of benznidazole in rabbits with two months infection resulted in persistently negative xenodiagnoses after 30 days of chemotherapy. Also rabbits with chronic Chagas' disease showing negative parasitemia six months after infection were treated with benznidazole. Both groups of rabbits that received intraperitoneal injections of the drug had titers of serum antibodies to the parasite similar to those shown in untreated T. cruzi-infected rabbits. That the humoral antibody response is not altered by the benznidazole was demonstrated in other experiments, which showed that the animals under chemotherapy can produce hemolytic antibody titers as high as those found in Controls as wellas in T. cruzi-infected untreated rabbits. In marked contrast, the thymus-dependent immune function was severely affected by benznidazole. The delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction against a T. cruzi subcellular antigen was suppressed during chemotherapy, whereas the reaction was consistently present in untreated T. cruzi-infected rabbits. However, delayed-type hypersensitivity against the parasite antigen could be elicited 10 days after cessation of treatment. Also delayed hypersensitivity in rabbits immunised with BCG and tested using PPD or in rabbits sensitised to DNCB were also suppressed by benznidazole treatment. It has been shown therefore that both drugs used for treating Chagas' disease can produce profound alterations in the thymus-dependent immune response. Benznidazole and nifurtimox are nitro-aromatic compounds that undergo enzymatic reduction with production of intermediate metabolites that can be strongly cytotoxic for the T. cruzi and for the mammalian cells.
Benznidazole; Immunosuppresion; Cell-mediated immune response; T lymphocytes; Chagas'disease; Trypanosoma cruzi; Rabbits