Published records dealing with the distribution of Rhodnius prolixus Stal, 1859 in Brazil demonstrated the absence of this species in the State of São Paulo. Insects of the genus Rhodnius Stal, 1859 collected by Corrêa in the State of São Paulo and considered by the author previously as R. prolixus and there- after as Rhodnius sp. have been shown by Lent to be R. neglectus. Morphological characters used to distinguish these two species by Lent & Jurberg helpeld to recognize the presence of Rhodnius prolixus in a group of R. neglectus collected by us in Mira Estrêla in the State of São Paulo. Large colonies of these two species have been established in the Laboratory of Insect Biology and Vector Control.