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Case Report • Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. 45 (3) • June 2012 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86822012000300026   copy

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with H1N1 virus infection and visceral leishmaniasis in a 4.5-month-old infant

Linfohistiocitose hemofagocítica associada pela infecção do vírus H1N1 e leishmaniose visceral em um bebê de 4,5 meses de vida

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We present a case of a 4.5-month-old boy from Turkey with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) associated with H1N1 virus and Leishmania spp. coinfection. Because visceral leishmaniasis can mimic hematologic disorders like HLH, it is important to rule out this clinical condition before starting immunosuppressive therapy. In our case, treatment with liposomal amphotericin B resulted in a dramatic resolution of clinical and laboratory abnormalities.

H1N1 virus; Visceral leishmaniasis; Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

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