Clinical and laboratory renal alterations in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in relation to natomopathological findings

Clinical as well as renal anatomopathological data of 119 patients with acquired immunodeffiency syndrome from the Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil, were studied. Mean age was 33 ± 10.4 years (range 18 to 67 years). White (59%) and male (80%) individuals predominated. Ninety percent of patients came from Uberaba or neighborhood. There were 59 (50%) heterosexual, 25 (21%) homosexual, 17 (14%) bisexual and 18 (15%) unknown. Forty three percent were drug abusers. Fourteen (12.2%) of patients had serum creatinine higher than 3mg/dl, ten days before death, 64% of them showed acute tubular necrosis. Seventy one (61%) patients presented hyponatremia and 8 (7%) had hypernatremia. Hypokalemia was detected in 28 (24%) and hyperkalemia in 8 (7%) patients. Twenty four hours urinary protein was detected in 12 patients, 7 of them presenting more than 1g/24h. Two patients showed segmentar focal glomerulosclerosis, one of them with 24h urinary protein level of 5.5g and serum creatinine 1.5mg/dl and no edema. The most (56%) patients had tubulointerstitial nephritis. Clinical, laboratory and types of renal disorders in patients with acquired immunodeffiiency syndrome are variable. The glomerular diseases were relatively scarce however, tubulointerstitial lesions are quite frequent, mainly interstitial nephritis and acute tubular necrosis. Not always an anatomoclinical correlation could be observed, because many times the electrolyte disorders were frequentely observed only functionaly.

HIV; AIDS; Acute tubular necrosis; Hyponatremia; Tubulointerstitial nephritis