During a small outbreak of American mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in a village of the municipality of Cordeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro, fourteen cases were documented. Outstanding features were the high incidence in children (57%), the clinical evidence of lymphangitis in 40%, the tendency towards spontaneous healing in the less recent cases and the peri-domestic distribution of the cases. A Montenegro skin-test survey carried out in 117 persons yielding 17% positive and 17% doubtful reactions. No positive reactors with old scars or signs of mucosal envolvement were noted, this being probably a recent focus. The significance of doubtjul skin reactions is discussed.