Open-access Teste de hemaglutinação na sorologia da malária humana empregando hemácias parasitadas pelo Plasmodium berghei

rsbmt Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. 0037-8682 1678-9849 Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical - SBMT Uberaba, MG, Brazil A hemagglutination test is described for human malaria serodiagnosis with aldehyde-fixed Plasmodium berghei infected mouse erythrocytes. In patients with a P. falciparum or P. vivax patent parasitemia positive results were seen in 98.9% ofthe 88 cases tested. Titres rangedfrom 40 to 640. A 96.0% specificity wasfoundfor 476 non-malarialpatients. A close reproducibility was observed forthe test, even for dijferent reagent batches. The test was positive in 48.5% of 200 residents in malaria endemic areas, taken at random. These subjects showed 88.0% positivity of the IgG-immunofluorescence test. This lower positivity for the hemagglutination test could result from its reactivity with IgM antibodies. After 2-mercaptoethanol treatment, all serafrom patients with patent parasitemia were non-reactive. The hemagglutination test, with reference to the IgG-immunofluorescence test, showed a 0.989 co-positivity for patients with a patent parasitemia and a 0.969 co- negativity for non-malarialpatients. For residents in endemic areas a co-positivity of 0.528 and a co- negativity of0.833 were observed. ARTIGOS Teste de hemaglutinação na sorologia da malária humana empregando hemácias parasitadas pelo Plasmodium berghei Maria Carmen Arroyo Sanchez-Ruiz; Mário E. Camargo; Antonio Carlos Ceneviva; Antonio Walter Ferreira RESUMO Foi padronizado um teste de hemaglutinação para a sorologia da malária humana, com reagente constituído de suspensão de hemácias de camundongos infectadas pelo Plasmodium berghei e preservadas por fixação aldeídica. Em pacientes com parasitemia por P. falciparum ou P. vivax obteve-se uma sensibilidade de 98,9% nos 88 casos estudados, o teste apresentando títulos entre 40 e 640. Para o grupo de 476 soros de indivíduos não-maláricos, obteve-se uma especificidade de 96,0%. O teste apresentou elevada reprodutibilidade, mesmo para diferentes lotes de antígenos. Nos 200 soros, obtidos ao acaso, de indivíduos de área endêmica, o teste apresentou positividade de 48,5%, contra 88,0% do teste de imunofluorescência-IgG. A baixa positividade pode ser devida a que o teste de hemaglutinação detecta anticorpos IgM. Após tratamento com 2-mercaptoetanol, todos os soros de pacientes com parasitemia tornaram-se não reagentes. Em relação ao teste de imunofluorescência-IgG, o teste de hemaglutinação apresentou índice de co-positívidade de 0,989 para os soros de maláricos com parasitemia. Para os soros de não-maláricos o teste de hemaglutinação apresentou índice de co-negatividade de 0,969. Por outro lado, no grupo de soros de área endêmica, o índice de co-positividade foi de 0,528 e o de co-negatividade, de 0,833. Palavras-chave: Malária. Plasmodium berghei. Sorologia. Imunodiagnóstico. Hemaglutinação. ABSTRACT A hemagglutination test is described for human malaria serodiagnosis with aldehyde-fixed Plasmodium berghei infected mouse erythrocytes. In patients with a P. falciparum or P. vivax patent parasitemia positive results were seen in 98.9% ofthe 88 cases tested. Titres rangedfrom 40 to 640. A 96.0% specificity wasfoundfor 476 non-malarialpatients. A close reproducibility was observed forthe test, even for dijferent reagent batches. The test was positive in 48.5% of 200 residents in malaria endemic areas, taken at random. These subjects showed 88.0% positivity of the IgG-immunofluorescence test. This lower positivity for the hemagglutination test could result from its reactivity with IgM antibodies. After 2-mercaptoethanol treatment, all serafrom patients with patent parasitemia were non-reactive. The hemagglutination test, with reference to the IgG-immunofluorescence test, showed a 0.989 co-positivity for patients with a patent parasitemia and a 0.969 co- negativity for non-malarialpatients. For residents in endemic areas a co-positivity of 0.528 and a co- negativity of0.833 were observed. Keywords: Malaria. Plasmodium berghei. Serology. Immunodiagnosis. Hemagglutination. Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF. Full text available only in PDF format. REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS 1. Avraham H, Golenser J, GazittY, Spira DT, Sulitzeanu D. A highly sensitive solid phase radioimmunoassay for Plasmodium falciparum antigens and antibodies. Journal of Immunological Methods 53: 61-68, 1982. 2. Boonpucknaving S, Bhamarapravati N. Cross immunofluorescent reactions between human and rodent malaria. American Journal ofTropical Medicine and Hygiene 23: 141-145, 1974. 3. Boonpucknaving S, Wongsawang S, Boonpucknaving V, Bhamarapravati N. Serum-soluble malarial antigens and immune complex nephritis in Plasmodium berghei berghei infected mice. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 79: 116-119, 1976. 4. Brito B B J H G. O teste da aglutinação do látex para o serodiagnóstico da malária. Anais do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical 1: 139-143, 1973. 5. Brito B B J H G. Um teste de micro-hemaglutinação indireta para o estudo da imunidade na malária. Anais do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical 1: 145-149, 1973. 6. Brown K N, McLaren D J, Hills L A, Jarra W. The binding of antibodies from Plasmodium berghei - infected rats to isoantigenic and parasite-specific antigenic sites on the surfaces of infected reticulocytes. Parasite Immunology 4: 21-31, 1982. 7. Ceneviva A C. Malária Humana: Detecção de anticorpos IgM com Plasmodium falciparum de cultura por teste de imunofluorescência. Tese de Doutorado, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 1983. 8. Ceneviva A C, Camargo M E. Plasmodium gallinaceum - parasitized chicken erythrocytes in a practical hemagglutination test for IgM antibodies in human malaria. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 28: 622-626, 1979. 9. Correa F M A, Salata E, Sogayar R, Meira D A, Barraviera B, Pita H J, Sperandio L, Mendes R P, Campos E P, Brasil MAM. Malária no Município de Humaitá, Estado do Amazonas. IV - Aspectos soroepidemiológicos com antígeno de P. berghei. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 23 (supl. 5): 27-31, 1981. 10. Deutsch H F, Morton JI. Dissociation of human serum macroglobulins. Science 125: 600-601, 1957. 11. Gentillini M, Richard-Lenoble D. Utilisation de l'antigène Plasmodium berghei pour le séro-diagnostic du paludisme humain par immunofluorescence indirecte. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Éxotique 65: 815- 822, 1972. 12. Giacometti P L, Suter-Kopp V. Detection of malarial antibodies in man by fluorescent antibody test using Plasmodium gallinaceum as antigen. Acta Tropica 30: 269-274, 1973. 13. Hoshino-Shimizu S, Camargo M E, Nagasse T K. A stable polysaccharide-hemagglutination reagent for the diagnosis of acute or recent Trypanosoma cruzi infections. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 20: 208-212, 1978. 14. Kielmann A, Sarasin G, Bemhard A, Weiss N. Further investigations on Plasmodium gallinaceum as an antigen in the diagnosis of human malaria. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 43: 617-622, 1970. 15. Lobel H O. Indications for and usefulness of serological techniques in epidemiological investigatíon and assessment WHO/MAL 81.967, p. 1-11, 1981. 16. Lopez-Antunano FJ. Falciparum malaria antigen slides for indirect immuno-fluorescence test made from in vitro cultures. Transactions of the Royal Society ofTropical Medicine and Hygiene 68: 257, 1974. 17. Mackey L J. Tests for the detection of malaria parasites. WHO/MAL 81.957, p. 1-9, 1981. 18. Maier W A, Piekarski G. Zur serodiagnostik der malaria. Plasmodium berghei und Plasmodium falciparum ais antigen fur den indirekten Immunofluoreszenztest Immunitát und Irifektion 7: 75-82, 1979. 19. McColm A A, Trigg P I. Double diffusion analysis of antigens released from P. knowlesi in vitro. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde 64: 353-357, 1981. Meuwissen J H E Th. Immunodiagnostic techniques applicable to malaria. WHO/MAL 81.951, p. 1-10, 1981. 21. Poels L G, Niekerk C C V, FrankenM A M. Plasmodial antigens exposed on the surface of infected reticulocytes: their role in induction of protective immunity in mice. Israel Jourrtal of Medical Sciences 14: 575-581, 1978. 22. Sanchez-Ruiz MCA, Ceneviva A C, Camargo M E, Ferreira A W, Boulos M, Yasuda M T. Modificação técnica para maior sensibilidade e reprodutibilidade do teste de imunofluorescência com Plasmodium berghei ou P. gallinaceum, para malária humana. In: Resumos do XVIII Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, p. D27, 1982. 23. Seitz H M. Demonstration of malarial antigens in the sera of Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Journal of Parasitology 58: 179-180, 1972. 24. Smith A R, Karr L J, Lykins J D, Ristic M. Serum soluble antigens of malaria: a review. Experimental Parasitology 31: 120-125, 1972. 25. Snedecor G W. Statistical methods applied to experiments in agriculture and biology, 5 th edition, Iowa State College Press, Iowa, 1957. 26. Sulzer A J, Wilson M Hall E C. Indirect fluorescent- antibody tests for parasitic diseases. V. An evaluation of a thick-smear antigen in the IFA test for malaria anti- bodies. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 18: 199-205, 1969. 27. Todorovic R, Ristic M, Ferris D H. A tube latex agglutination test for the diagnosis of malaria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 62: 58-68, 1968. 28. White C. Statistical methods in serum surveys. In: Paul J R, White C. Serological epidemiology. Academic Press, London, p. 19-33, 1973. Recebido para publicação em 1o/8/84. Laboratório de Sorologia e Soroepidemiologia do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 470, São Paulo, SP. Trabalho apresentado ao Departamento de Análises Clinicas e Toxicológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade de São Paulo para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Análises Clinicas. 1. Avraham H, Golenser J, GazittY, Spira DT, Sulitzeanu D. A highly sensitive solid phase radioimmunoassay for Plasmodium falciparum antigens and antibodies. Journal of Immunological Methods 53: 61-68, 1982. A highly sensitive solid phase radioimmunoassay for Plasmodium falciparum antigens and antibodies Journal of Immunological Methods 1982 61 68 53 Avraham H Golenser J Gazitt Y Spira DT Sulitzeanu D 2. Boonpucknaving S, Bhamarapravati N. Cross immunofluorescent reactions between human and rodent malaria. American Journal ofTropical Medicine and Hygiene 23: 141-145, 1974. Cross immunofluorescent reactions between human and rodent malaria American Journal ofTropical Medicine and Hygiene 1974 141 145 23 Boonpucknaving S Bhamarapravati N 3. Boonpucknaving S, Wongsawang S, Boonpucknaving V, Bhamarapravati N. Serum-soluble malarial antigens and immune complex nephritis in Plasmodium berghei berghei infected mice. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 79: 116-119, 1976. Serum-soluble malarial antigens and immune complex nephritis in Plasmodium berghei berghei infected mice Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1976 116 119 79 Boonpucknaving S Wongsawang S Boonpucknaving V Bhamarapravati N 4. Brito B B J H G. O teste da aglutinação do látex para o serodiagnóstico da malária. Anais do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical 1: 139-143, 1973. O teste da aglutinação do látex para o serodiagnóstico da malária Anais do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical 1973 139 143 1 Brito B B J H G 5. Brito B B J H G. Um teste de micro-hemaglutinação indireta para o estudo da imunidade na malária. Anais do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical 1: 145-149, 1973. Um teste de micro-hemaglutinação indireta para o estudo da imunidade na malária Anais do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical 1973 145 149 1 Brito B B J H G 6. Brown K N, McLaren D J, Hills L A, Jarra W. The binding of antibodies from Plasmodium berghei - infected rats to isoantigenic and parasite-specific antigenic sites on the surfaces of infected reticulocytes. Parasite Immunology 4: 21-31, 1982. The binding of antibodies from Plasmodium berghei - infected rats to isoantigenic and parasite-specific antigenic sites on the surfaces of infected reticulocytes Parasite Immunology 1982 21 31 4 Brown K N McLaren D J Hills L A Jarra W 7. Ceneviva A C. Malária Humana: Detecção de anticorpos IgM com Plasmodium falciparum de cultura por teste de imunofluorescência. Tese de Doutorado, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 1983. Malária Humana: Detecção de anticorpos IgM com Plasmodium falciparum de cultura por teste de imunofluorescência 1983 Ceneviva A C. 8. Ceneviva A C, Camargo M E. Plasmodium gallinaceum - parasitized chicken erythrocytes in a practical hemagglutination test for IgM antibodies in human malaria. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 28: 622-626, 1979. Plasmodium gallinaceum - parasitized chicken erythrocytes in a practical hemagglutination test for IgM antibodies in human malaria American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1979 622 626 28 Ceneviva A C Camargo M E 9. Correa F M A, Salata E, Sogayar R, Meira D A, Barraviera B, Pita H J, Sperandio L, Mendes R P, Campos E P, Brasil MAM. Malária no Município de Humaitá, Estado do Amazonas. IV - Aspectos soroepidemiológicos com antígeno de P. berghei. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 23 (supl. 5): 27-31, 1981. Malária no Município de Humaitá, Estado do Amazonas. IV - Aspectos soroepidemiológicos com antígeno de P Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 1981 27 31 23 Correa F M A Salata E Sogayar R Meira D A Barraviera B Pita H J Sperandio L Mendes R P Campos E P Brasil MAM 10. Deutsch H F, Morton JI. Dissociation of human serum macroglobulins. Science 125: 600-601, 1957. Dissociation of human serum macroglobulins Science 1957 600 601 125 Deutsch H F Morton JI 11. Gentillini M, Richard-Lenoble D. Utilisation de l'antigène Plasmodium berghei pour le séro-diagnostic du paludisme humain par immunofluorescence indirecte. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Éxotique 65: 815- 822, 1972. Utilisation de l'antigène Plasmodium berghei pour le séro-diagnostic du paludisme humain par immunofluorescence indirecte Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Éxotique 1972 815 822 65 Gentillini M Richard-Lenoble D 12. Giacometti P L, Suter-Kopp V. Detection of malarial antibodies in man by fluorescent antibody test using Plasmodium gallinaceum as antigen. Acta Tropica 30: 269-274, 1973. Detection of malarial antibodies in man by fluorescent antibody test using Plasmodium gallinaceum as antigen Acta Tropica 1973 269 274 30 Giacometti P L Suter-Kopp V 13. Hoshino-Shimizu S, Camargo M E, Nagasse T K. A stable polysaccharide-hemagglutination reagent for the diagnosis of acute or recent Trypanosoma cruzi infections. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 20: 208-212, 1978. A stable polysaccharide-hemagglutination reagent for the diagnosis of acute or recent Trypanosoma cruzi infections Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 1978 208 212 20 Hoshino-Shimizu S Camargo M E Nagasse T K 14. Kielmann A, Sarasin G, Bemhard A, Weiss N. Further investigations on Plasmodium gallinaceum as an antigen in the diagnosis of human malaria. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 43: 617-622, 1970. Further investigations on Plasmodium gallinaceum as an antigen in the diagnosis of human malaria Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1970 617 622 43 Kielmann A Sarasin G Bemhard A Weiss N 15. Lobel H O. Indications for and usefulness of serological techniques in epidemiological investigatíon and assessment WHO/MAL 81.967, p. 1-11, 1981. Indications for and usefulness of serological techniques in epidemiological investigatíon and assessment 1981 1 11 Lobel H O. MAL 81.967 16. Lopez-Antunano FJ. Falciparum malaria antigen slides for indirect immuno-fluorescence test made from in vitro cultures. Transactions of the Royal Society ofTropical Medicine and Hygiene 68: 257, 1974. Falciparum malaria antigen slides for indirect immuno-fluorescence test made from in vitro cultures Transactions of the Royal Society ofTropical Medicine and Hygiene 1974 257 68 Lopez-Antunano FJ 17. Mackey L J. Tests for the detection of malaria parasites. WHO/MAL 81.957, p. 1-9, 1981. Tests for the detection of malaria parasites 1981 1 9 Mackey L J. MAL 81.957 18. Maier W A, Piekarski G. Zur serodiagnostik der malaria. Plasmodium berghei und Plasmodium falciparum ais antigen fur den indirekten Immunofluoreszenztest Immunitát und Irifektion 7: 75-82, 1979. Zur serodiagnostik der malaria. Plasmodium berghei und Plasmodium falciparum ais antigen fur den indirekten Immunofluoreszenztest Immunitát und Irifektion 1979 75 82 7 Maier W A Piekarski G 19. McColm A A, Trigg P I. Double diffusion analysis of antigens released from P. knowlesi in vitro. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde 64: 353-357, 1981. Double diffusion analysis of antigens released from P. knowlesi in vitro Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde 1981 353 357 64 McColm A A Trigg P I. Meuwissen J H E Th. Immunodiagnostic techniques applicable to malaria. WHO/MAL 81.951, p. 1-10, 1981. Immunodiagnostic techniques applicable to malaria 1981 1 10 Meuwissen J H E Th MAL 81.951 21. Poels L G, Niekerk C C V, FrankenM A M. Plasmodial antigens exposed on the surface of infected reticulocytes: their role in induction of protective immunity in mice. Israel Jourrtal of Medical Sciences 14: 575-581, 1978. Plasmodial antigens exposed on the surface of infected reticulocytes: their role in induction of protective immunity in mice Israel Jourrtal of Medical Sciences 1978 575 581 14 Poels L G Niekerk C C V Franken M A M 22. Sanchez-Ruiz MCA, Ceneviva A C, Camargo M E, Ferreira A W, Boulos M, Yasuda M T. Modificação técnica para maior sensibilidade e reprodutibilidade do teste de imunofluorescência com Plasmodium berghei ou P. gallinaceum, para malária humana. In: Resumos do XVIII Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, p. D27, 1982. 1982 D27 Sanchez-Ruiz MCA Ceneviva A C Camargo M E Ferreira A W Boulos M Yasuda M T 23. Seitz H M. Demonstration of malarial antigens in the sera of Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Journal of Parasitology 58: 179-180, 1972. Demonstration of malarial antigens in the sera of Plasmodium berghei infected mice Journal of Parasitology 1972 179 180 58 Seitz H M 24. Smith A R, Karr L J, Lykins J D, Ristic M. Serum soluble antigens of malaria: a review. Experimental Parasitology 31: 120-125, 1972. Serum soluble antigens of malaria: a review Experimental Parasitology 1972 120 125 31 Smith A R Karr L J Lykins J D Ristic M 25. Snedecor G W. Statistical methods applied to experiments in agriculture and biology, 5 th edition, Iowa State College Press, Iowa, 1957. Statistical methods applied to experiments in agriculture and biology 1957 Snedecor G W 26. Sulzer A J, Wilson M Hall E C. Indirect fluorescent- antibody tests for parasitic diseases. V. An evaluation of a thick-smear antigen in the IFA test for malaria anti- bodies. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 18: 199-205, 1969. Indirect fluorescent- antibody tests for parasitic diseases. V. An evaluation of a thick-smear antigen in the IFA test for malaria anti- bodies American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1969 199 205 18 Sulzer A J Wilson M Hall E C 27. Todorovic R, Ristic M, Ferris D H. A tube latex agglutination test for the diagnosis of malaria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 62: 58-68, 1968. A tube latex agglutination test for the diagnosis of malaria Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1968 58 68 62 Todorovic R Ristic M Ferris D H 28. White C. Statistical methods in serum surveys. In: Paul J R, White C. Serological epidemiology. Academic Press, London, p. 19-33, 1973. Serological epidemiology 1973 19 33 White C Paul J R White C
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