Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium isolated from pigeon droppings (Columba livia) in the external environment close to hospitals

Vasconcellos, Henrique Vieira Gartz de; Silva, Kerollyn Fernandes Bernardes; Montenegro, Horácio; Miguel, Camila Botelho; Tizioto, Polyana; Agostinho, Ferdinando; Araújo, Marcelo Costa; Ribas, Rosineide Marques; Silva, Marcos Vinícius da; Soares, Siomar de Castro; Rodrigues Júnior, Virmondes; Batistão, Deivid William da Fonseca; Oliveira, Carlo José Freire; Rodrigues, Wellington Francisco

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0353-2021

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Short Communication • Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. 55 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0353-2021 copy

Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium isolated from pigeon droppings (Columba livia) in the external environment close to hospitals

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Background:

Domestic pigeons carry pathogens in their droppings, posing a potential public health problem.

Methods:

The phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistances of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium in the feces of urban pigeons near hospitals with intensive care units were measured.

Results:

Twenty-nine samples showed Enterococcus growth, whereas one was positive for S. aureus. The S. aureus isolate was sensitive to the antibiotics tested via antibiogram, however resistance genes were identified. E. faecium isolates showed phenotypic resistance to gentamicin, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin.

Conclusions:

Antimicrobial profiles harmful to health were demonstrated in bacterial pathogens isolated from the external environment of hospitals.

Keywords:
Staphylococcus aureus; Enterococcus faecium; Columbidae; Feces; Drug Resistance

	E. faecium	S. aureus
Total Length	2864887	2775544
Largest contig	191576	886206
# sequences	120	25
N50	113722	534742
L50	10	2
E-size (auN)	104998	542215
%GC	37.57	32.73

	E. faecium	S. aureus
tRNAs	56	62
rRNAs	3	9
ncRNAs	58	113
CRISPRs	0	1
CDS	2754	2589

	# marker	0	1	2	3	4	5+	Completeness	Contamination	H. lineage
E. faecium	672	1	669	2	0	0	0	99.61	0.15	0
S. aureus	1169	10	1154	5	0	0	0	99.11	0.83	0

BUSCO (n=450)	E. faecium	S. aureus
Complete, single copy	397 (98.75%)	448 (99.6%)
Complete, duplicated	3 (0.75%)	0 (0.0%)
Fragmented	1 (0.25%)	2 (0.4%)
Missing	1 (0.25%)	0 (0.0%)

Species	Gene	Product	Resistance
E. faecium	aac(6')-Ii	Aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase AAC(6')-Ii	Aminoglycoside
	eat(A)	ABC-F type ribosomal protection protein Eat(A)	Pleuromutilin
	efmA	efmA is an MFS transporter permease in E. faecium	Fluoroquinolone, macrolide
	msr(C)	ABC-F type ribosomal protection protein Msr(C)	Macrolide, lincosamide, oxazolidinone, phenicol, pleuromutilin, streptogramin, tetracycline
S. aureus	tet(38)	Tetracycline efflux MFS transporter Tet(38)	Tetracycline
	blaZ	Penicillin-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase BlaZ	Beta-lactam
	blaR1	Beta-lactam sensor/signal transducer BlaR1	Beta-lactam
	blaI_of_Z	Penicillinase repressor BlaI	Beta-lactam
	ant(4')-Ia	Aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase ANT(4')-Ia	Kanamycin, tobramycin
	lnu(A)	Lincosamide nucleotidyltransferase Lnu(A)	Lincosamide
	arlR	ArlR is a response regulator that binds to the norA promoter to activate expression. ArlR must first be phosphorylated by ArlS.	Acridine dye, fluoroquinolone
	arlS	ArlS is a protein histidine kinase that phosphorylates ArlR a promoter for norA expression.	Acridine dye, fluoroquinolone
	Staphylococcus_aureus_norA	NorA gene cloned from S. aureus confers relatively high resistance to hydrophilic quinolones, such as norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, with low or no resistance to hydrophobic quinolones, such as nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and sparfloxacin, in S. aureus and E. coli.	Fluoroquinolone
	mgrA	MgrA, also known as NorR, is a regulator for norA, norB, and tet38. It is a positive regulator for norA expression but is a direct repressor for norB and an indirect repressor of tet38.	Acridine dye, cephalosporin, fluoroquinolone, penam, peptide, tetracycline
	Staphylococcus_aureus_LmrS	MFS transporters are secondary active transporters with single-polypeptide chains containing 400-600 amino acids that transport small solutes across the membrane using electrochemical gradients. LmrS has 14 transmembrane helices, and when expressed in E. coli is capable of extruding a variety of antibiotics, including linezolid, trimethoprim, florfenicol, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, streptomycin, kanamycin, and fusidic acid.	Aminoglycoside, diaminopyrimidine, macrolide, oxazolidinone, phenicol
	mepR	MepR is an upstream repressor of MepA in S. aureus. It is part of the mepRAB operon.	Glycylcycline, tetracycline
	mepA	MepA is an efflux protein regulated by MepR and part of the MepRAB cluster. Its presence in S. aureus leads to multidrug resistance, while it has also been shown to decrease tigecycline susceptibility.	Glycylcycline, tetracycline
	ANT(4')-Ib	Kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase sequence from S. aureus plasmid. Confers resistance to kanamycin neomycin and other aminoglycosides.	Aminoglycoside

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[1] Corresponding author: Carlo José Freire de Oliveira. e-mail:carlo.oliveira@uftm.edu.br