In a coprological survey amongst 80 children from 1 to 10 years old, living in a slum area of Rio de Janeiro, it was used the Schaudinn fixation and the iron hematoxylim stain for intestinal protozoa. For each faecal sample, two microscopic slides were done and through them, 37 cases (46,2%) of infections by "histolytica complex" became evidente. The cysts and trophozoites of this complex were considered as Entamoeba histolytica when having an average diameter of more than 8.5 micra, and as Entamoeba hartmanni when having an average diameter inferior to that. There were in 24 cases (30.0%) of E. histolytica; 21 cases (26.3%) of which presenting also E. hartmanni and 3 cases (3.7%) presenting isolated parasitism by E. histolytica. In 34 cases (42.5%) of E. hartmanni, 13 cases (16.2%) of isolated parasitism were detected. This survey shows a high prevalence of "histolytica complex", with E. hartmanni predominance. Other diagnosed intestinal protozoa are also related in this survey. The presented data are discussed by the authors in comparison to other publications on the subject.