FIGURE 1:
Chácara do Dizimeiro is the name given to the house where Oswaldo Cruz was born, in São Luiz do Paraitinga, in the Vale do Paraíba (valley of the Paraíba river), São Paulo State, in 1872. He lived there until 1877, when the family moved to a house in Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro. The Chácara was located at the frontier of the urban area with the rural space where the farms were situated and part of Dr. Bento clientele lived (photo from the Casa de Oswaldo Cruz collection).
FIGURE 2:
View of the Corcovado fabric factory from the Fonte da Saudade St. The factory was on the Jardim Botânico St., then on the edge of Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon and ran from the Martins Lage’s mansion (today Parque Lage) to Faro St. (photo by Marc Ferrez, Instituto Moreira Sales collection).
FIGURE 3:
Faculty of Medicine of Rio Janeiro, which operated at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia building in Rio de Janeiro (Photograph Marc Ferrez), at Santa Luzia St, from its creation (December 5, 1808) until its transfer (October 12, 1918) to the beautiful building (also designed by the Portuguese architect Luis Moraes Júnior) at Praia Vermelha (surprisingly demolished in 1975) (photo from the Instituto Moreira Sales collection).
FIGURE 4:
Leaflet of the Clinical Microscopy and Microbiology Oswaldo Cruz's office, located at Travessa de São Francisco de Paula, no 10 (document from the Casa de Oswaldo Cruz collection).
FIGURE 5:
Emília Fonseca (Miloca), Oswaldo Cruz’s wife, and their five children: behind and standing, Bento Oswaldo Cruz and Oswaldo Cruz Filho, and, at the first row, Hercília, Miloca, Walter and Elisa “Liseta” Oswaldo Cruz (photo from the Casa de Oswaldo Cruz collection).
FIGURE 6:
Oswaldo Gonçalves Cruz with his son Bento Oswaldo Cruz and assistant Burle de Figueiredo at Cruz’s laboratory on the second floor of the Moorish Castle (Castelo Mourisco). Although graduated as a physician, Bento never practiced medicine, and eventually became a banker. Surprisingly, he used to accompany Oswaldo Cruz to the lab quite often, and he shows beside his father on many pictures (photo from the Casa de Oswaldo Cruz collection).
FIGURE 7:
Cours de Microbie Technique at the Institut Pasteur, in Paris. Graduation of the 1898 class. From left to right, seated, Jean Binot (5th), Elie Metchnikoff (6th); Emile Roux (7th), Amédée Borrel (8th). In the row above, Oswaldo Cruz (3rd from the right to the left). Institut Pasteur Collection. Oswaldo followed the course, which would later become the famous Cours de Microbiologie Générale, in the seventh year (1897-1898) of its creation (photo from the Institut Pasteur collection).
FIGURE 8:
Oswaldo G Cruz in his office at the apartment at Rue Marbeuf in Paris in 1897 (photo from the Casa de Oswaldo Cruz collection).
FIGURE 9:
The very impressive image shows O Cruz being welcome and acclaimed, as a hero, when returning from Berlin (Germany, 1907) where he won the 1st Prize of the Universal Exhibition on Health and Hygiene, which has had five million visitors, after have being vilified and satirized with cartoons, excessively hard, sometimes (photo from the Casa de Oswaldo Cruz collection).
FIGURE 10:
Diploma of Officier de l’ordre de la Légion d’honneur granted to Oswaldo Gonçalves Cruz, in Paris, by the President of the French Republic, Grand Chancelier de l’ Ordre, Mr. Raymond Poincaré, in 1914 (document from the Casa de Oswaldo Cruz collection).
FIGURE 11:
Laisser-passer given to Oswaldo Gonçalves Cruz, by the General Consul of the Federative Republic of Brazil in Paris on August 3, 1914. This document allowed Oswaldo Cruz moving, with his family, to London, where he estimated he would be safer (document from the Casa de Oswaldo Cruz collection).
FIGURE 12:
Miloca stands with her daughter, Liseta, below the sign of the Oswaldo Cruz St., a small street (152 meters long) near the Ranelagh Metro station, in Paris' 16th arrondissement, connecting the Rue de Ranelagh to the Boulevard Beauséjour (photo from the Casa de Oswaldo Cruz collection).
FIGURE 13:
Two of the Oswaldo Cruz’s Ex-libris: “To know, to expect, to be able, to want” (Saber, esperar, poder, querer) and “Eternal faith in science” (Fé eterna na ciência) as well as the famous motto "Not to wane to not be belittled" (“Não esmorecer para não desmerecer”) (documents from the Casa de Oswaldo Cruz collection).
FIGURE 14:
(a) Detail of the Alhambra Palace, Granada, Spain (photo: Renato Gama da Rosa) (b) Draft made by Oswaldo Gonçalves Cruz, himself, to transmit to the Portuguese Architect Luiz Moraes Júnior the idea he had in mind to the main building of the
Instituto de Manguinhos in the (c) The Synagogue of Berlin (design: Eduard Knoblauch, 1865; photo: Ansgar Koreng), available at
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neue_Synagoge,_Berlin-Mitte,_160328,_ako.jpg. File licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Germany license; (d) The Synagogue of New York (design: Henri Fernbach, 1872; Photo: Jim Hendersonor), available at
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Central_Synagogue_Lex_jeh.jpg under the Dedication to the Universal Public Domain Creative Commons CC0 1.0. (e) The Montsouris Observatory -
L’Observatoire du parc Montsouris, Le Palais du Bardo, Paris 14e - (design : Otapon to represent Tunisia in the
Exposition Universelle, 1867), reproduced part of the “
Palais du Bey de Tunis” that was reacquired from the Diwan of the Turkish militia in 1643. A fire completely destroyed it in 1998. Available from
http://paris1900.lartnouveau.com/paris14/parc_montsouris/palais_du_bardo.htm, accessed on April 12
th2020, and (f) The Moorish Castle - Castelo Mourisco - (design: Luiz Moraes Júnior, 1918) of the
Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, present headquarter of
the Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz) (photo André AZ & Peter Ilicciev, Coordenadoria de Comunicação Social, Fiocruz).
FIGURE 15:
The flying club existing in the vicinity of the Manguinhos campus, in fact, not far from the Castle. See the text for an anecdotical story about it.
FIGURE 16:
Researchers of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz arriving in Manguinhos by a buggy. From left to right: Oswaldo Cruz (2nd), Gustav Giemsa (3rd), Stanislas von Prowazek (4th) (photo from the Casa de Oswaldo Cruz collection).
FIGURE 17:
The photography of Oswaldo Cruz and team was taken in 1904, in the shed used as library and photograph room. The scientists used to attend the space on Wednesdays, for the scientific meeting of the Instituto Soroterápico. From behind: Alcides Godoy (1880-1950) and, on his right, anti-clockwise, Antônio Cardoso Fontes, Henrique da Rocha Lima, Oswaldo Cruz, Henrique Marques Lisboa (1876-1967), Carlos Chagas, Ezequiel Caetano Dias, Rodolpho de Abreu Filho, Paulo Parreiras Horta (1884-1961), Henrique Aragão e Afonso MacDowell (1881-1958) (photo from the Casa de Oswaldo Cruz collection), http://arch.coc.fiocruz.br/index.php/oswaldo-cruz-reunido.
FIGURE 18:
First generation of scientists from Manguinhos, in front of the Tea House, where we may still have lunch at Fiocruz today (when the place is not under renovations). From left to right, standing: Arthur Neiva, (not identified), Gaspar Vianna, Astrogildo Machado and Alcides Godoy. Seated: José Gomes de Farias, Carlos Chagas, (not identified), Oswaldo Cruz, Adolpho Lutz, Cardoso Fontes and Parreiras Horta (photo from the Casa de Oswaldo Cruz collection).